Age-27 Follow-up of Early Preventive Intervention

这项研究是对340名年轻男性和女性的纵向跟踪调查，他们参加了纽约埃尔米拉的一项随机对照试验，从1977年到1980年他们的母亲在怀孕期间登记参加该试验以来，护士就对他们进行了产前和婴儿家访。这项研究将在这些头胎孩子年满27岁时进行。它的目的是确定，当这些年轻人从15岁持续到27岁时，对这些样本进行护士家访是否会产生非常有希望的效果。具体来说，目前的提案旨在确定，在埃尔米拉项目在儿童2岁时结束25年后，1)护士访问的年轻成年后代是否与对照组的年轻人不同：a)他们的经济生产力（例如，失业，就业机会有限的工作，福利的使用，非婚生育率）；B)伴侣关系的质量（人际暴力率、承诺和沟通质量）；c)

This study is a longitudinal follow-up of 340 young men and women who have participated in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses in Elmira, New York since their mothers registered in the trial during their pregnancies between 1977 and 1980. The study will be conducted when these first-born children turn 27 years of age. It is designed to determine whether highly promising effects found for nurse home visiting with this sample when these young adults were 15 years of age endure through age 27. Specifically, the current proposal is designed to determine, 25 years after the Elmira program ended at child age 2, whether: 1) nurse-visited young adult offspring differ from comparison-group young adults in: a) their economic productivity (e.g., unemployment, employment in jobs with limited opportunities for career growth, use of welfare; rates of out-of wedlock births); b) the quality of their partnered relationships (rates of interpersonal violence, commitment, and quality of communication); c) their rates of child abuse and neglect perpetrated on their own children; d) their rates of criminal behavior, arrests, convictions, and imprisonment; and e) their mental health and abuse of substances: 2) the effects of the program on the young adults' economic productivity are concentrated on those individuals born to mothers who were low-income and unmarried at registration during their pregnancies; 3) the effects of the program on adult criminality, violent behavior, and second-generation child abuse and neglect, in prcliminary studies, are concentrated on those individuals with genetic vulnerabilities for behavioral dysregulation (functional polymorphisms in the gene that encodes MAOA, the dopamine transporter gene, and the (7 nicotine receptor gene) in combination with environmental risks (prenatal tobacco exposure and child maltreatment); 4) the effect of the program on young adults' adaptive functioning is explained by the combined effects of the program on their mothers" prenatal health-related behaviors, life-course (rates of marriage, subsequent children, and welfare use), and their experience of child abuse and neglect; and 5) nurse-visited young adults produced fewer government expenditures and higher tax revenues compared to young adults assigned to the comparison condition. This study adds to the literature on the long-term effects of early intervention and marks a new phase in this program of research by examining, in preliminary studies, the extent to which the effects of the intervention are concentrated in individuals who are at dual risk for adult criminality because of combined genetic and environmental risks.