Planning to meet the resilience requirements of a mid-Century, net-zero UK energy system: direct and indirect role of the UK and Irish buildings secto

灵活性和弹性是能源系统运行的关键。到2050年，英国和爱尔兰能源系统的大部分灵活性和弹性将来自大规模能源储存、过剩发电能力和互联互通的组合。该项目探讨了这可能对建筑业的影响。最近发表的研究表明，到本世纪中叶，英国将需要投入使用10兆兆瓦时的储能能力，以提供弹性和连续性的能源供应。虽然这其中的一小部分可以通过需求方面的变化来提供，如电动汽车和热泵使用的转变，但对能源系统灵活性和弹性的大部分贡献将需要来自大规模的能源储存。这反过来预计将来自天然气和氢气生产、地区能源系统、过剩的风能和光伏发电能力以及通往爱尔兰和欧洲大陆的互联网络。存储的一个关键且日益重要的功能是缓冲能源供应系统的需求变化，反之亦然。存储应该放在系统中的什么位置，以及它应该采取什么形式，目前都是悬而未决的问题。有可能部署新的存储资产，允许对原本日益复杂和紧密耦合的能源系统进行部分划分。这将对可操作性以及未来几十年英国和欧洲能源体系的新兴架构产生重大影响。

Flexibility and resilience are critical to energy system operation. By 2050, the bulk of energy system flexibility and resilience in the UK and Ireland will come from a mix of large scale energy storage, excess generation capacity and interconnectors. This project explores possible implications of this for the buildings sector.Recently published research shows that the UK will need to commission 10s of TWhs of energy storage capacity by the middle of the century to provide resilience and continuity of energy supply. While a small part of this can be provided by demand side changes such as shifting of EV and heat pump use, the bulk of contributions to energy system flexibility and resilience will need to come from large scale energy storage. This in turn is expected to come from natural gas and hydrogen production, district energy systems, excess wind and PV capacity and interconnectors to Ireland and continental Europe.A key and increasingly important function of storage is to buffer the energy supply system from variations in demand, and vice versa. Where in the system the storage should be placed, and what forms it should take are currently unresolved questions. There is the potential to deploy new storage assets in ways that allow partial compartmentation of an otherwise increasingly complex and tightly coupled energy system. This will have significant implications for operability, and for the emerging architecture of UK and European energy systems over coming decades.