Characterization & Organization of Transposable Elements

描述(由申请人提供)：冈比亚按蚊物种复合体包括： 大蒜是疟疾最重要的媒介，每年导致100多万人死亡。有效的疟疾控制需要多方面的努力，包括更好地了解其病媒。我们的长期目标是：1)了解转座因子的多样性、丰度、稳定性、种群动态、进化和影响。2)建立了基于散布TES的种群基因组方法，以研究冈比亚按蚊的遗传异质性。冈比亚亚种人口。我们提出了一种合作的努力来探索预期的AN。冈比亚蚊子基因组序列与一个跨学科的团队合作，该团队在蚊子的基因组、生物信息学、分子和进化分析以及蚊子的种群遗传学方面表现出专业知识。标题冈比亚亚纲S属及其种复合体。我们将重点介绍DNA转座子和微型反向重复序列(MITE)，它们具有相同的基本结构和可能类似的转座机制。我们将追求以下具体目标：1)对红豆杉TES的多样性、丰度和分子特征进行第一轮检查。冈比亚亚目。S.S.2)研究粉尘螨和DNA转座子的进化历史和扩增方式。冈比亚亚目。S.S.以及它的兄弟物种。 3)研究螨类和DNA转座子对AN的影响。冈比亚亚目。S.S.基因组结构和进化。4)检测按蚊野生种群中螨类和DNA转座子的拷贝数变异和插入位点的多态性。冈比亚亚目。S.S.5)开发用于AN的新型种群基因组工具。利用来自DNA和RNA介导的TES的插入多态标记。这项工作将在三个不同的层面上促进改进病媒控制和监测以及制定替代疟疾控制战略，这两项工作都是迫切需要的。首先，将提供强大的群体基因组学工具来研究种群的遗传异质性。S冈比亚种群，这会影响疾病的传播和防治措施的效率。其次，拟议的工作将对AN的内生TES产生新的见解。冈比亚，这将有助于通过基于TE的基因改造控制蚊媒疾病的战略。最后，这项工作将加深我们对AN的基本遗传学的理解。冈比亚亚纲通过系统调查TES， 它们是基因组的重要和潜在的有效组成部分。

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): The Anopheles gambiae species complex includes An: garnbiae sensu stricto, the most important vector of malaria, a disease that causes more than a million deaths every year. Effective malaria control requires multi-front efforts including a better understanding of its vectors. Our long-term goals are to 1) understand the diversity, abundance, stability, population dynamics, evolution, and impacts of transposable elements (TEs) in An. gambiae and 2) develop population genomic approaches based on interspersed TEs to study the genetic heterogeneity of An. gambiae s.s. populations. We propose a collaborative effort to explore the anticipated An. gambiae genome sequence with an interdisciplinary team that have demonstrated expertise in genomic, bioinformatic, molecular, and evolutionary analysis of mosquito TEs, and in population genetics of An. gambiae s. s. and its species complex. We will focus on DNA transposons and miniature inverted-repeats TEs (MITEs), which share essential structures and probably similar transposition mechanisms. We will pursue the following Specific Aims: 1) Make the first-round examination of the diversity, abundance, and molecular characteristics of TEs in An. gambiae. s.s. 2) Study the evolutionary history and mode of amplification of MITEs and DNA transposons in An. gambiae. s.s. and its sibling species. 3) Examine the impacts of MITEs and DNA transposons on An. gambiae. s.s. genome structure and evolution. 4) Determine copy number variation and insertion site polymorphism of MITEs and DNA transposons in wild populations of An. gambiae. s.s. 5) Develop novel population genomic tools for An. gambiae s.s.,using insertion polymorphism markers derived from both DNA and RNA-mediated TEs. This work will contribute, at three different levels, to the improvement of vector control and surveillance and the development of alternative malaria control strategies, both of which are urgently needed. First, powerful population genomic tools will be provided to study genetic heterogeneity in An. gambiae s. s. populations, which can affect disease transmission and the efficiency of control measures. Second, the proposed work will yield new insights into endogenous TEs in An. gambiae, which will contribute to the strategy to control mosquito-borne diseases by TE-based genetic modifications. Finally, this work will enhance our understanding of the basic genetics of An. gambiae by systematically investigating TEs, which are substantial and potentially potent components of the genome.