Sending for Nurses: Importing Care to U.S Hospitals

描述(由申请人提供)：护士供需的起伏一直困扰着美国(美国)几十年来，催生了许多增加国家病人照顾者数量的战略。一项跨越60多年的战略是向美国医院和长期护理机构输入外国护士劳动力。移民护士主要是来自不发达国家的女性，她们既代表了按性别、种族和阶层分层的鲜为人知的海外劳工群体，也代表了在日益增长的移民女性群体中独一无二的专业群体。因此，该项目的具体目标是提炼与持久的美国护士短缺相关的关键问题，提供20世纪职业女性劳动力迁移的案例研究，并探索进口护理对公众健康的影响。这本全面的历史专著使用了大量的一手和二手材料以及对流动护士的采访，将考察性别、种族、阶级、民族、社会态度、医疗/技术进步、人口变化、政治和意识形态变化以及经济因素在形成这一持续的护士短缺解决战略方面的交集。在具体研究国际护士招聘对国内护理供应、护士移民本身及其原籍国、雇用外国护士的医疗保健系统以及相关护理质量的影响的同时，该项目更广泛地调查了女性从弱势移民到 以及如何制定和实施促进个人和公共健康的政策和干预措施。这是一个及时的分析，考虑到美国目前和预计的严重护士供应不足，有证据表明来自更多国家的国际护士招聘显著扩大，全球护理危机引发了道德和公平问题，以及美国为解决健康决定因素--包括物理和社会环境、政策和干预措施以及获得优质医疗保健的机会--而采取的举措。利用历史调查的长期视角，这项拟议的研究将解决我们对这一现象的理解差距，并提供重要数据，为未来的护士队伍规划工作提供参考，并帮助改善对美国公众的卫生保健服务。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ebbs and flows in nurse supply and demand have plagued the United States (U.S.) for decades, spawning numerous strategies to increase the number of caregivers for the nation's sick. One strategy, spanning over sixty years, is the importation of foreign nurse labor to American hospitals and long term care facilities. Primarily women from underdeveloped nations, migrant nurses represent both a little understood labor diaspora stratified by gender, race, and class and a professional cohort unique among a growing pool of migrating women. Thus, the project's specific aims are to distill critical issues associated with enduring U.S. nurse shortages, provide a case study of professional female labor migration in the twentieth century, and explore the outcomes of importing care on the public's health. Using a wide array of primary and secondary source materials as well as interviews of migrant nurses, this comprehensive historical monograph will examine the intersection of gender, race, class, ethnicity, societal attitudes, medical/technological advances, demographic change, political and ideological shifts, and economic factors in shaping this ongoing nurse shortage resolution strategy. While specifically examining the consequences of international nurse recruitment for the domestic nursing supply, the nurse migrants themselves and their countries of origin, the health care systems that employ foreign nurses, and the associated quality of care outcomes, the project more broadly investigates the landscape of female migration from vulnerable to developed nations and how policies and interventions that promote individual and public health are shaped and implemented. This is a timely analysis given the current and projected critical undersupply of nurses in the U.S., evidence of marked expansion in international nurse recruitment from a greater array of nations, a global crisis in caring that engenders questions of ethics and equity, and U.S. initiatives to address determinants of health-including physical and social environments, policies and interventions, and access to quality health care. Using the long lens of historical inquiry, the proposed study will address the gap in our understanding of this phenomenon and provide important data from which to inform future nurse workforce planning efforts and help improve health care delivery to the American public.