Exploring the SAC Model of Memory

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目标是提出一个统一的内隐和外显记忆现象模型，涵盖更高层次的概念效应和更低层次的知觉效应。这个被称为“激活混淆源”（SAC）的模型将在几个方面受到测试和挑战。具体来说，提出了实验来测试SAC的新预测（即，不一定是其他帐户所期望的），数据集将在详细水平上建模。拟议的研究将为SAC的预测提供更严格的测试，并将扩大有关认知处理的调查范围。该框架提出了几个有争议的主张。例如，它声称内隐记忆与外显记忆并不是一个独立的系统，并且有两个识别过程：一个基于熟悉，另一个基于回忆。该建议包括测试从（表面上不相关的）知觉线索的恢复中获得的记忆增强在多大程度上可以归因于检索和编码的影响。有人提出，在人类的认知系统中，存在着熟悉性和独特性之间的权衡。熟悉有助于编码，但也会导致习惯化或注意力不集中。独特性挑战编码，但一旦独特的特征在记忆中表现出来，它们就会成为很好的检索线索。熟悉的线索对检索不太有用（由于上下文干扰）；然而，记忆系统通过允许基于熟悉的反应来补偿。将该理论扩展到编码的部分建议涉及到进一步理解是什么决定了部分匹配是否被接受，从而导致未检测到失真，以及是什么决定了不匹配是否被认为是显著的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to advance a unified model of implicit and explicit memory phenomena that spans both higher-level conceptual and lower-level perceptual effects. The model, called Source of Activation Confusion (SAC), will be tested and challenged in several ways. Specifically, experiments are proposed that test SAC's novel predictions (i.e., not necessarily expected by other accounts) and data sets will be modeled at a detailed level. The proposed research will provide ever more stringent tests of SAC's predictions and will extend the range of inquiry concerning cognitive processing. The framework makes several controversial claims. For example, it claims that implicit memory is not a separate system from (or independent of) explicit memory, and that there are two processes for recognition: one based on familiarity, the other based on recollection. The proposal includes tests of the extent to which memory enhancement from the re-instatement of (ostensibly irrelevant) perceptual cues can be attributed to effects at retrieval versus at encoding. It is proposed that within the human cognitive system there is a trade-off between familiarity and distinctiveness. Familiarity eases encoding but is also responsible for habituation or inattention. Distinctiveness challenges encoding but once distinctive features are represented in memory, they serve as excellent retrieval cues. Familiar cues are less useful for retrieval (due to contextual interference); however, the memory system compensates by allowing familiarity based responding. Part of the proposed extension of the theory to encoding involves an attempt to further understand what determines whether a partial match is accepted, resulting in a distortion going undetected, and what determines whether a mismatch is considered salient.