Evidence of medieval Norse contact in Late Modern English dialects: An etymological study of the English Dialect Dictionary

《英语方言词典》（1898-1905）是英语方言研究的“里程碑式成就”（Brook 1978: 152），但自出版以来，它作为历史语言学和方言学资源的潜力一直没有得到充分利用。本研究旨在通过使用EDD来分析北欧语在地区英语中的影响来弥补这一点——赖特自己也提出了这种用法（卷一：六）。现代标准英语（以及古英语和中古英语）中的挪威语元素在整个文献中经常被处理，但挪威语对英语方言影响的研究通常被认为没有得到应有的关注（Wakelin 1977: 178），尽管方言具有巨大的历史价值，并且它们在表明挪威人定居对英语的语言影响方面具有重要意义。最近的研究分析了特定地区或地区的挪威语元素（例如Dance 2003； Dance et al. 2019），但自Wakelin（1977）以来，就没有对挪威方言影响进行过全国性调查。本研究将以asBjörkman（1900-2）、Dance（2003）和Pons-Sanz（2013）等学者开发的技术为基础，重新分析晚期现代英语方言中的北欧元素。这将涉及对整体模式的定量分析和对单个词汇的定性分析，包括在个体基础上评估挪威词汇遗产的可能性（以索尔森1936年的研究为基础），并调查它们的分布、发展和使用。

The English Dialect Dictionary (1898-1905) is a 'landmark achievement' in English dialect studies (Brook 1978: 152) yetsince its publication, its potential as a resource for historical linguistics and dialectology has been underexploited. Thisstudy aims to remedy this by using the EDD to analyse Norse influence in regional Englishes-a use proposed even byWright himself (Vol I.: vi). The Norse element in present-day Standard English (as well as in Old and Middle English) hasfrequently been treated throughout the literature, but the study of Norse influence on English dialects is typically seen asnot having received due attention (Wakelin 1977: 178), despite the great historical value of dialects and their importancein indicating the linguistic impact of Norse settlement on English. Recent studies have analysed the Norse element inspecific regions or registers (e.g. Dance 2003; Dance et al. 2019), but a national investigation of Norse dialectal influencehas not been undertaken since Wakelin (1977). This study will build on techniques developed by scholars such asBjörkman (1900-2), Dance (2003) and Pons-Sanz (2013) to re-analyse the Norse element in Late Modern Englishdialects. This will involve both quantitative analysis of overall patterns and qualitative analysis of individual lexemes,including evaluating the probability of Norse heritage of terms on an individual basis (building on Thorson, 1936) andinvestigating their distribution, development and usage.