Developmental Studies in Children

我们为年幼的聋儿提供人工耳蜗，以改变他们的发育过程。 在听、说、学和社交方面。对孩子来说预期的最终结果是 成长为听力学会的称职成员。发展性氯研究的简史有 研究表明，儿童氯使用者在这些领域中的大多数都取得了实质性的好处。一组研究 本项目中提议的目的是继续评价当前和新出现的做法的结果 人工耳蜗术。我们在当前实践中的兴趣集中在以下方面： 生命早期的植入一直持续到植入者的中学时期。我们还将重点关注是否 在童年时期植入的年轻人获得了许多社会、职业和个人结果 在听得见的人中。此外，我们将研究其中一些人是否认同 聋人社区专门或与听力社区以及。在这些研究中，我们还将 检查新方法在人工耳蜗术中的益处。具体来说，我们将研究是否 婴儿期的双侧植入对听力、言语和语言学习都有好处。最后，我们会 评估在12个月前植入是否对言语、语言和 12个月后听力发育与植入的比较。 第二组研究从结果研究转向。这些研究关注的是 我们对基本知觉和认知系统的理解，这些系统影响(并产生)儿童的 与她共事的经历。接受CL的聋儿的听觉体验似乎是 表面上足以发展功能性言语感知和口语。然而， 这些孩子有本质上不同的听觉能力和经历，这可能导致 他们在言语知觉发展上的重要差异。这些孩子的感知能力和 利用语音信号的特性继而引导他们的语言学习和发展 包括语音、短期和长期记忆的记忆系统，这些记忆在语言中很重要 学习。一系列研究将检验婴儿氯用户在多大程度上形成对 已被证明对听力良好的婴儿来说很突出的言语。音素类别的方式 认知中使用的形成性和亚音素线索也将在这些儿童中得到检验。最后，一个 语音知觉、短时语音记忆、长时语音记忆的关系模型 语音程序性记忆、陈述性记忆和早期单词学习将在这些方面进行检验 孩子们。这些数据稍后将被用来预测长期词汇发展。

We provide cochlear implants (CIs) to young children who are deaf to alter their developmental course with regard to listening, speaking, learning, and socializing. The intended ultimate result in for the child to grow into a competent member of the hearing society. The brief history of developmental Cl research has shown that pediatric Cl users achieve substantial benefits in most of these areas. One set of studies proposed in this project aims to continue evaluating the outcomes of current and emerging practices of cochlear implantation. Our interests in current practices focus on whether the initial advantages of implantation early in life persist into the implant users' middle-school years. We will also focus on whether young adults implanted in childhood attain many of the social, occupational, and personal outcomes found among hearing individuals. Furthermore, we will examine whether some of these individuals identify with the Deaf community exclusively or with the hearing community as well. Within these studies, we will also examine the benefits of new practices in cochlear implantation. Specifically, we will examine whether bilateral implantation in infancy provides benefits to listening, speech, and language learning. Finally, we will evaluate if implantation before 12 months of age provides additional advantages to speech, language, and listening development compared to implantation after 12 months of age. A second set of studies shift away from outcome studies. These studies are concerned with advancing our understanding of the basic perceptual and cognitive systems that influence (and emerge) from a child's experiences with her Cl. The auditory experiences of the deaf child who receives a Cl appear to be superficially sufficient for the development of functional speech perception and spoken language. However, these children have qualitatively different auditory abilities and experiences that are likely to result in important differences in their development of speech perception. These children's abilities to perceive and employ properties of the speech signal subsequently bootstrap their language learning, and the development of memory systems involving phonological short-term and long-term memory that are important in language learning. A series of studies will examine how well infant Cl users develop preferences for properties of speech that have been shown to be salient to hearing infants. The manner in which phonemic categories are formed and subphonemic cues are used in perception will also be examined in these children. Finally, a model of the relationships between speech perception, short-term phonological memory, long-term phonological procedural memory, and declarative memory and early word learning will be examined in these children. These data will be later used to predict longer-term vocabulary development.