Aircraft measurements of ice-nucleating particles and their importance for mixed-phase clouds

这个项目旨在了解触发云中冰形成的粒子的来源和活动。云中的冰形成是气候预测和短期天气预报的主要不确定性，因此具有重大的社会和商业影响。总体目标是提高对与混合相云相关的冰成核粒子的来源、过程和活动的理解。科学目标将包括：1。与英国气象局合作，在利兹和我们合作伙伴位于卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院的AIDA设施中，对他们的新冰核计数器（INC）进行验证，并与其他INP设备进行比较。2.在利兹开展工作，开发基于补充过滤器的INP分析，并提高其灵敏度，以便在与二次制冰开始相关的温度下量化INP，并区分生物和矿物冰成核材料。在WesCon实地活动中测量和监测INP的发生，该活动的重点是英格兰南部的对流云。这将涉及在2023年夏季参加FAAM BAe-146飞机的研究飞行。作为我们在这一领域正在进行的研究计划的一部分，测量和监测与冷空气爆发有关的INP。5.与WesCon的建模人员合作，使用活动结果定义主要的冰产量。

This project aums to understand the sources and activity of particles which trigger ice formation in clouds. Ice formation in clouds is a major uncertainty in climate projections and short term weather forecasts, hence with major societal and commercial implications. The overarching objective is to improve the understanding of the sources, processing and activity of ice nucleating particles relevant for mixed-phase clouds. The scientific objectives will involve:1. Work with the Met Office to characterise and validate their new Ice Nucleus Counter (INC) against other INP devices, both in Leeds and at our partner's AIDA facility in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. 2. Work in Leeds to develop the complementary filter based INP analysis and increase its sensitivity in order to quantify INP at temperatures relevant for the initiation of secondary ice production and distinguish between biological and mineral ice nucleating materials.3. Measure and characterise the occurrence of INP in the WesCon field campaign which has a focus on convective clouds in southern England. This will involve taking part in research flights on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft in summer 2023.4. Measure and characterise INP relevant for cold-air outbreaks as part of our ongoing programme of research in this area. 5. Work with the modellers in WesCon to define primary ice production using the results from the campaign.