Carbonyl sulfide measurements in the GISP2D ice core from Summit, Greenland

格陵兰萨米特 GISP2D 冰芯中的硫化羰测量

• 批准号: 1839506
• 负责人: Murat Aydin
• 金额: $ 61万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1839506&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Carbonyl; sulfide; measurements; GISP2D; ice

Polar ice cores contain an archive of ancient air that can be used to reconstruct history of atmospheric gas composition. This project involves analysis of samples from the GISP2D ice core drilled at Summit, Greenland, and will develop an atmospheric history of carbonyl sulfide (COS). Variations in atmospheric COS can be linked to growth of plants on land because they take up COS from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. The Greenland ice core record of COS from this project will be used to document possible changes in terrestrial plant growth over the last 1000 years and to constrain the natural controls on stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer. This project will support training of a doctoral student at UC Irvine and provide hands-on research experience for several undergraduate students in a state-of-the-art analytical chemistry laboratory. It will also support K-12 outreach activities by the UC Irvine ice core laboratory in local middle and high schools through the CLEAN Education initiative, a non-profit founded and operated by graduate students at UC Irvine.The investigators previously measured COS in ice cores from several different Antarctic sites, recovering COS records of the southern hemisphere atmosphere over periods that range from centuries to multi-millennia. As part of this project, they will measure 140 samples from the GISP2D ice core and create the first ice core COS record of the northern hemisphere atmosphere spanning the last 3000 years. Ice core air will be dry-extracted and analyzed with an existing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. COS lifetime in the atmosphere is only 2 years and its atmospheric budget is poorly understood. Estimates of COS removal from the atmosphere via photosynthesis by land plants far exceed the known emissions, possibly pointing to an unidentified natural source. Modeling work suggests knowing the pole-to-pole COS difference in the preindustrial atmosphere would provide a robust constraint on the nature and magnitude of the unidentified source(s). The GISP2D measurements for the last 1000 years before present will be conducted at high-resolution. This includes the Little Ice Age period, during which Antarctic ice core records display a decline in atmospheric COS. The new Greenland measurements will constitute a northern hemisphere analogue to existing Antarctic records. Results will be used to study climate driven variability in atmospheric COS and implications for changes in plant growth and variability in background stratospheric sulfate in the preindustrial atmosphere. The project includes plans for a comprehensive modelling effort with a 6-box model of the atmosphere, which will be coupled to ocean and terrestrial vegetation models. Measurements from 3000 to 1000 years before present will be conducted at lower resolution and the primary goal will be to gain further insight into the slow in-situ hydrolysis loss of COS in ice cores that has been previously observed in Antarctic ice cores over multi-millennial time scales.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极地冰芯包含了古代空气的档案，可以用来重建大气气体成分的历史。该项目包括对在格陵兰Summit钻探的GISP2D冰芯样本进行分析，并将开发羰基硫化物（COS）的大气历史。大气COS的变化可能与陆地植物的生长有关，因为它们在光合作用期间从大气中吸收COS。本项目的格陵兰冰芯COS记录将用于记录过去1000年陆生植物生长的可能变化，并约束对平流层硫酸盐气溶胶层的自然控制。该项目将支持加州大学欧文分校的一名博士生的培训，并为几名本科生在最先进的分析化学实验室提供实践研究经验。它还将支持加州大学欧文分校冰芯实验室通过“清洁教育倡议”（CLEAN Education initiative）在当地初中和高中开展的K-12外展活动。“清洁教育倡议”是一个由加州大学欧文分校研究生创立和运营的非营利组织。研究人员先前在几个不同的南极地点的冰芯中测量了COS，恢复了南半球大气在几个世纪到几千年期间的COS记录。作为该项目的一部分，他们将测量来自GISP2D冰芯的140个样本，并创建过去3000年来北半球大气的第一个冰芯COS记录。冰芯空气将被干燥提取，并用现有的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）系统进行分析。COS在大气中的寿命只有2年，其大气预算也知之甚少。陆地植物通过光合作用从大气中去除COS的估计远远超过了已知的排放量，可能指向一个未知的自然来源。模拟工作表明，了解工业化前大气中极对极的COS差异将对未确定源的性质和大小提供强有力的约束。GISP2D将以高分辨率进行过去1000年的测量。这包括小冰期，在此期间，南极冰芯记录显示大气COS下降。格陵兰岛的新测量结果将构成北半球现有南极记录的类似物。研究结果将用于研究气候驱动的大气COS变率，以及对工业化前大气中植物生长变化和背景平流层硫酸盐变率的影响。该项目包括一项综合建模工作的计划，其中包括一个6盒大气模型，该模型将与海洋和陆地植被模型相结合。在此之前3000年至1000年的测量将以较低的分辨率进行，主要目标将是进一步了解以前在南极冰芯中观察到的数千年时间尺度的冰芯中COS的缓慢原位水解损失。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Anthropogenic Impacts on Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide Since the 19th Century Inferred From Polar Firn Air and Ice Core Measurements

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033074
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: M. Aydin;G. Britten;S. Montzka;C. Buizert;F. Primeau;V. Petrenko;Mark O. Battle;M. R. Nicewonger;J. Patterson;B. Hmiel;E. Saltzman