Volcanic emissions of environmentally-reactive trace elements

超过2900万人居住在活火山周围10公里以内，100公里以内约8亿人。在这个距离内，人们可能会暴露在多种火山灾害中。单个火山释放的潜在有毒元素(PTE)与大型工业化国家的总人类活动一样多(图1)。根据气象条件的不同，火山喷发可能会使人口稠密地区暴露在高度可变且具有潜在危险的PTE浓度下。这个博士项目将是首批研究这些重要污染物的大气扩散和寿命的研究之一。你将对活跃的脱气火山进行实地考察，以在源头和不同距离的顺风向收集PTE样本。您还将应用计算机模型来模拟大气中的扩散和大气寿命。最后，您将应用地理信息系统和空气污染模型，以了解对社区整体空气质量和人口暴露的影响。野外工作地点将根据当前的火山活动在PHD开始附近选择。可能在冰岛、夏威夷、中美洲、南太平洋岛屿和/或留尼汪岛进行实地考察。

"Over 29 million people live within 10 km of active volcanoes, and ~800 million within 100 km. Within this distance people can be exposed to multiple volcanic hazards. Individual volcanoes can emit as much of potentially toxic elements (PTE) as total anthropogenic activities in large industrialised countries (Fig 1). Depending on the meteorological conditions, eruptions can expose populated areas to highly variable and potentially dangerous concentrations of PTE.This PhD project will be one of the first research studies to look at the atmospheric dispersion and lifetime of these important pollutants. You will do fieldwork on actively degassing volcanoes to collect samples of PTE at-source, and at different distances downwind. You will also apply computer models to simulate the dispersion and atmospheric lifetime in the atmosphere. Finally, you will apply GIS and air pollution models in order to understand the impact on overall air quality and population exposures in communities.The fieldwork site will be chosen near the start of the PhD based on the current volcanic activity. Likely fieldsites at Iceland, Hawaii, Central America, South Pacific islands, and/or Reunion.