Bio-SERS- Detection of Pathogens Using Bionanosensors

细菌的快速检测对于公众的健康至关重要，因为由于细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性，传染病的威胁正在急剧增加。细菌感染对人类健康的主要威胁已经导致迫切需要开发用于分离和检测临床样品、环境或食品安全中的微生物的高效策略。通常使用传统的培养技术检测细菌，然后使用显微镜、发光、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）或聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行细菌的最终鉴定和物种形成。由于培养步骤之后是样品制备和分析，这些测试通常需要24小时以上。使用抗体功能化金纳米颗粒的侧向流测试存在于某些病原体中，但是需要高浓度的细菌，并且它们往往不能很好地与复杂的样品类型一起执行。因此，迫切需要快速且高置信度地识别病原体，并且明确需要使用点（POU）多路复用传感器。主要的研究目标是开发一种新型的，快速的，敏感的和多路复用的光学生物纳米传感器，用于检测在不同环境中的细菌使用点POU检测策略的分离，浓缩和检测多种病原体。使用增强的拉曼散射和便携式设备的特定测定，具有用于数据解释的简单用户界面，将使得能够检测和鉴定特定细菌。将研究不同的选择，包括磁性捕获和基于纸流体的方法。这将用于敏感和特异性检测多种病原体，而不需要富集培养步骤，这是快速的，并与不同的样品基质，如文化，液体，交换等兼容的扩展使用这种新的生物纳米传感器到其他领域，有一个快速的细菌检测，是足够简单的非科学家进行的要求是这种方法的进一步好处。

Rapid detection of bacteria is crucial for the health of the general public as the threat of infectious disease is dramatically increasing as a result of bacteria developing resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Major threats to human health from bacterial infections have led to urgent demands to develop highly efficient strategies for isolating and detecting microorganisms in clinical samples, the environment or for food safety. Bacteria are commonly detected using traditional culture techniques followed by microscopy, luminescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to allow definitive identification and speciation of the bacteria. These tests generally take over 24 h due to the culture step followed by sample preparation and analysis. Lateral flow tests using antibody functionalised gold nanoparticles exist for some pathogens, however high concentrations of bacteria are needed and they tend not to perform well with complex sample types. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for the pathogen to be identified quickly and with high confidence levels and a clear need for a point of use (POU) multiplexed sensor. The major research aim is to develop a novel, rapid, sensitive and multiplexed optical bionanosensor for the detection of bacteria in different environments using a point of use POU detection strategy for the isolation, concentration and detection of multiple pathogens. A specific assay using enhanced Raman scattering and a portable device, with a simple user interface for data interpretation will enable the detection and identification of specific bacteria. Different options including ,magnetic capture and paper fluidic based approaches will be investigated. This will be used for sensitive and specific detection of multiple pathogens, without the need for an enrichment culture step, which is rapid and compatible with different sample matrices e.g. cultures, liquids, swaps etc. Extension of use of this new bionanosensor into other areas where there is a requirement for rapid bacterial detection that is simple enough to be carried out by non-scientists is a further benefit of this approach.