Gendered Perspectives of Climate Change Impacts and Resilience of Slum Dwellers in Accra, Ghana.

拟议的关于从性别角度看待气候变化影响和贫民窟居民的复原力的研究，旨在查明男子和妇女在社会上易受气候变化影响的原因。该项目符合城市、环境和宜居性路径，因为加纳主要城市空间，特别是大阿克拉都市区（GAMA）贫民窟的日益增长带来了环境和气候危机的挑战，包括洪水、热浪、火灾爆发、污染和生物多样性丧失以及不安全等社会挑战。这种形式的合作将是实物合作，但在此期间，除了通过伙伴关系交流宝贵的知识外，还可以在许多方面实现预期的影响。该项目将与加纳全球社区（旨在改善加纳贫民窟生活条件的“贫民窟社区与城市合作伙伴实现宜居环境”（SCALE-UP）项目）、绿色非洲青年组织（GAYO）（审查通过废物产生的就业机会减少城市贫困）和社区成员（审查适应和应对机制）合作。该项目的影响是倡导一种合作办法，强调社区参与制定干预措施，改善贫民窟居民的生计，同时减少他们的脆弱性。这种影响将大大有助于实现城市、环境和宜居性路径议程。最后，知识交流将大大有助于研究人员和上述合作伙伴。这三个小组的知识将成为查明政策与执行之间差距的有益出发点。该项目的影响是倡导一种合作办法，强调社区参与制定干预措施，改善贫民窟居民的生计，同时减少他们的脆弱性。这种影响将大大有助于实现城市、环境和宜居性路径议程。研究问题以下问题将指导研究; 1.气候变化的性别脆弱性的原因是什么？2.气候脆弱性是什么样子的，它如何影响GAMA贫民窟社区的生计保障？3.气候变化对贫民窟妇女和男子的生计和福祉有哪些已知和假定的影响？4.贫民窟的男女如何看待他们对气候变化的贡献？5.两性如何科普气候变化的影响？一些学者（Pearse，2017年; Wrigley-Asante & Dake，2019年）认为性别在理解气候变化方面的相关性，然而，仍然存在尚未解决的突出差距。其中最重要的是气候变化研究中对女性的关注而忽视了男性。虽然关于性别平等的讨论往往围绕着妇女展开，在某些情况下，妇女的脆弱性不成比例，但男子也有独特的脆弱性，特别是在气候变化的影响下，需要强调这一点，以解决政策问题，而不是加剧已经存在的不平等（阿尔斯顿，2014年）。同样，气候变化和城市非正式空间中的性别问题是非常有背景的，有限的工作产生了支离破碎的结论。最后，贫民窟居民的活动对增加温室气体的贡献也没有得到进一步的调查。研究方法本研究将采用定性和定量技术的混合方法的研究战略的基础上民族志框架，以了解个人生活在贫民窟的经验。为了能够收集定性和定量数据，将使用访谈、重点小组讨论和问卷作为收集数据的主要数据工具。

The proposed research on gendered perspectives of climate change impacts and resilience of slum dwellers sets out to identify the causes of social vulnerability to climate change for men and women. This project fits within the Cities, Environment and Liveability pathway, because, the increasing growth of slums in major urban spaces in Ghana, particularly the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) presents the challenges of environment and climate crises-including floods, heatwaves, fire outbreaks, pollution, and biodiversity loss amidst social challenges such as insecurity. This form of collaboration will be in kind, however, the perceived impact during the period can be reached in many folds, beyond the exchange of invaluable knowledge through the partnerships. The project will partner with Global Communities Ghana (a look at the 'Slum Communities Achieving Liveable Environment with Urban Partners (SCALE-UP) project targeted at improving living conditions in slums in Ghana), Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO) (review of reducing urban poverty through waste generated jobs) and community members (review of adaptive and coping mechanisms). The impact of the project is to advocate for a collaborative approach with emphasis on community engagement to develop interventions that will improve the livelihoods while reducing vulnerabilities of slum dwellers. This impact will go a long way to achieve the cities, environment and liveability pathway agenda. Finally, the exchange of knowledge will greatly help the researcher and the aforementioned partners. Knowledge from the three groups will serve as a useful point of departure into identifying gaps between policy and implementation. The impact of the project is to advocate for a collaborative approach with emphasis on community engagement to develop interventions that will improve the livelihoods while reducing vulnerabilities of slum dwellers. This impact will go a long way to achieve the cities, environment and liveability pathway agenda. Research Questions The following questions will guide the study; 1. What are the causes of gendered vulnerability to climate change? 2. What does climate vulnerability look like and how does it affect livelihood securities in slum communities in GAMA? 3. What are the known and putative impacts of climate change on the livelihoods and well-being of women and men in slums? 4. How do men and women in slums perceive their contribution to climate change? 5. How do both genders cope with climate change impacts? Research Gap Some scholars (Pearse, 2017; Wrigley-Asante & Dake, 2019) have argued about the relevance of gender in understanding climate change, however, there are still prominent gaps which have not been addressed. Paramount amongst them is the focus on women to the neglect of men in climate change studies. Although discussions about gender often revolve around women, who, in some contexts, are disproportionately vulnerable, men also have unique vulnerabilities particularly with climate change impacts, which needs to be highlighted to address policy concerns and not further already existing inequalities (Alston, 2014). Again, climate change and gender issues in urban informal spaces is very contextual and limited works produced fragmented conclusion. Finally, the contribution of slum dwellers' activities on enhancing greenhouse gases has further not been investigated. Research Methods This research will employ both qualitative and quantitative techniques in a mixed methods research strategy based on an ethnographic framework to understand the experiences of individuals living in slums. To enable the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires will be used as the key data instruments for gathering data.