The duel in Britain, 1780-1845

1785-1845年间，英国有280多人在决斗中丧生(班克斯，2012年)。我的项目将提供第一个关于决斗的研究，作为1780-1845年英国和英国帝国文化中的社会现象和叙事手段。我的工作将从利对欧洲决斗的调查(1637-1918)(2015)、刘特佐对早期现代决斗的研究(2003)、关于性别和暴力的著作(例如Shoemaker，2001；Wolfson，2006)以及英属印度的荣誉和阶级(例如Nechtman，2010；Sramek，2011)中获得启发。我的项目将使用文学和准文学来源来展示决斗是如何进行的：将暴力行为正规化和合法化；反映当代男子气概的观念；我论文的四个章节解决了以下问题：1.决斗与男性：社会对传统男性的期望如何影响决斗的表现和接受？2.女性化、女性中介与决斗：决斗如何被用来探索女性弱点的概念，反过来，通过颠覆男性中心空间中预期的性别角色来代表女性的代理和赋权？3.英国国内政治和社会中的决斗：决斗如何反映18世纪末和19世纪初英国的社会和政治紧张局势：例如，保守主义和革命思想之间？4.决斗与英国帝国主义：决斗制度如何体现和参与军事化的殖民社会的价值观和关切？我的研究将使用文学史方法和档案研究，借鉴英国男性和女性作家(如弗朗西斯·伯尼、夏洛特·史密斯、威廉·戈德温、阿米莉亚·奥佩、玛丽亚·埃奇沃斯、玛丽·雪莱)的文本。我将通过分析英属印度的回忆录和期刊(例如，威廉·希基，19世纪20年代和19世纪30年代的期刊)来关注以前被忽视的殖民/帝国背景下的决斗，并借鉴伊恩·海伍德的作品，探索决斗的视觉表现(包括艾萨克·克鲁克申克和查尔斯·格林的漫画)。我的项目将影响对浪漫主义时期男性身份与暴力/冲突之间关系的学术理解，因为浪漫主义最近塑造了现代的个人观念。我将重点放在英国和帝国的表现上，这将增加对19世纪初不列颠及其新生帝国之间的交集的理解。我的研究将在公众对决斗的兴趣不断增加的时候对决斗的想法产生影响，这体现在：流行文化(例如，布里奇顿，2020和汉密尔顿，2015)；遗产部门(男子汉起来！展览，Chawton House，2020)和在线展览(如well comecollection.org‘决斗医生’，2021)。我已经顺利完成了一年级的非全日制博士学位。我有望在第二年(相当于英国《金融时报》第一年的第一年)拿到第一章和第二章的完整草稿。如果获得M4C奖学金，我会转到全日制学习。我会用第一年的时间来研究和撰写第四章；接下来的一年来研究和完成第三章；剩下最后六个月的时间来编辑和完成论文，以期待提交。

Between 1785-1845, more than 280 people were killed in duels in Britain (Banks, 2012). My project will provide the first study of the duel as both social phenomenon and narrative device in British and British Imperial culture, 1780-1845. My work will be informed by Leigh's survey of duelling in Europe 1637-1918 (2015), Low's study of early modern duelling (2003), work on gender and violence (e.g. Shoemaker, 2001; Wolfson, 2006), and honour and class in British India (e.g. Nechtman, 2010; Sramek, 2011). My project will use literary and para-literary sources to show how duelling: formalised and legitimised the enactment of violence; reflected contemporary ideas of masculinity; and enabled women writers to explore women's roles and female agency.The four chapters of my thesis address the following questions:1. Duelling and masculinity: How do societal expectations of traditional masculinity impact on representations and receptions of duelling?2. Femininity, female agency, and the duel: How is the duel used to explore concepts of female weakness, and conversely to represent female agency and empowerment through the subversion of expected gender roles within male-centric spaces?3. Duelling in British domestic politics and society: How do representations of duelling reflect social and political tensions in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain: e.g. between conservative and revolutionary ideas?4. Duelling and British Imperialism: How does the institution of duelling embody and engage with the values and concerns of a militarised colonial society?My research will use literary-historical methodologies and archival study, drawing on texts by male and female British writers (e.g. Frances Burney, Charlotte Smith, William Godwin, Amelia Opie, Maria Edgeworth, Mary Shelley). I will pay attention to previously overlooked colonial/imperial contexts for duelling by analysing memoirs and periodicals of British India (e.g. William Hickey, periodicals of the 1820s and 1830s) and, drawing on work by Ian Haywood, explore visual representations of duelling (including cartoons by Isaac Cruikshank and Charles Green).My project will impact on scholarly understanding of the relationship between masculine identities and violence/conflict in the Romantic period and, because Romanticism shaped modern ideas of the individual, more recently. My focus on British and imperial representations will add to understanding of the intersections between early nineteenth century Britain and its nascent empire. My research will impact on ideas of duelling at a time when public interest in the subject is increasing, as demonstrated by: popular culture (e.g. Bridgerton, 2020 and Hamilton, 2015); the heritage sector (Man Up! exhibition, Chawton House, 2020) and online exhibitions (e.g. Wellcomecollection.org 'Duelling Doctors', 2021). I have successfully completed year 1 of a part-time PhD. I am on track to have first full drafts of Chapters 1 and 2 by the end of Year 2 (Year 1 FT equivalent). If awarded M4C funding I would switch to full-time study. I would use the first year of this to research and write Chapter 4; and the following one to research and complete chapter 3; leaving the final six months to edit and finalise the thesis in anticipation ofsubmission.