"Priceless Gems of Living Thought": Literary Encounters with Anarchism at the fin de siècle

为什么奥斯卡·王尔德保释了一位向议会开火的颓废诗人？为什么杰出的前拉斐尔派画家的后代会在他们父母家的地下室里印刷一本煽动性的杂志？这些例子揭示了19世纪激进政治和文学之间的复杂关系？更具体地说，文学网络在多大程度上与无政府主义网络交织在一起？在19世纪欧洲各地的一系列轰炸行动中，直接行动、通过行动进行宣传和互助等无政府主义思想对左翼政治至关重要。在流亡和流亡的无政府主义者聚集的伦敦，这种跨国交流和激进自治的文化改变了文学美学。如果我们将无政府主义重新定位，我们对19世纪激进政治和文学的批判性理解--到目前为止，主要是对“社会主义复兴”的讨论--将被改变。通过在当代无政府主义思想和实践的背景下阅读维多利亚晚期和早期现代主义文学，我想要表明，无政府主义在这个时期对文学的生产、发行和接受产生了广泛的影响，创造了跨越阶级、性别和国家边界的新的社会审美关系。虽然受到本尼迪克特·安德森“想象的社区”概念启发的文学研究往往是由国家类别主导的，但我的博士学位试图展示这种做法是如何发生在国界之外和国界之内的。通过仔细分析无政府主义同行者威廉·莫里斯和奥斯卡·王尔德的作品，我将对被忽视的文本产生批判性的理解，比如海伦和奥利维亚·罗塞蒂的新闻以及虚构的回忆录《无政府主义者中的女孩》(1903)。第四章将收回埃塞尔·卡尼·霍尔兹沃斯--英国第一位出版小说的工人阶级女性--作为一名作家，她关于兰开夏郡工业贫困的诗歌将跨国的世界性激进主义与对地方本土主义的承诺融合在一起。

Why did Oscar Wilde post bail for a decadent poet who opened fire on Parliament? Why did the descendantsof prominent Pre-Raphaelite painters print a seditious magazine from the basement of their parents' home?And what do such examples reveal about the complex relationship between radical politics and literature in thenineteenth century? More specifically, to what extent were literary networks entwined with anarchist networks?Amid a series of bombing campaigns across nineteenth-century Europe, anarchist ideas such as direct action,propaganda by deed and mutual aid became vital to leftist politics. In London, where exile and émigréanarchists gathered, this culture of transnational exchange and radical autonomy transformed literaryaesthetics. Critical understanding of radical politics and literature in the nineteenth century - hithertodominated by discussion of the "socialist revival" - is transformed if we re-centre anarchism.By reading late Victorian and early modernist literature in the context of contemporaneous anarchist thoughtand praxis, I intend to show that anarchism's widespread influence on the production, circulation, andreception of literature at this time creates new socio-aesthetic relationships across class, gender, and nationalboundaries. While literary studies inspired by Benedict Anderson's notion of "imagined communities" tend tobe dominated by the category of the nation, my PhD seeks to show how such practices take place bothbeyond and within national boundaries.Alongside close analysis of works by anarchist fellow-travellers William Morris and Oscar Wilde, I will developa critical understanding of neglected texts such as Helen and Olivia Rossetti's journalism and fictionalisedmemoir A Girl Among the Anarchists (1903). A fourth chapter will reclaim Ethel Carnie Holdsworth - the firstworking-class woman to publish a novel in Britain - as a writer whose poetry about industrial poverty inLancashire fuses transnational cosmopolitan radicalism with a commitment to provincial localism.