Non-perturbative phenomena in strong magnetic fields

粒子物理学的标准模型预测，在足够强的磁场下，大约10^21特斯拉，电弱闪子能量消失，因此重子数的破坏变得不受抑制。如果存在质量小于100 TeV的磁单极子，正如一些类似帕蒂萨拉姆的统一模型所预测的那样，它们也会在这样的磁场中通过施温格过程的电磁对偶产生。尽管这些场强目前还远远无法达到，但原则上在足够高能的重离子碰撞中是有可能达到的。本课题的目的是利用经典场论和近似量子场论方法，在考虑感应磁场的时空依赖性的情况下，研究这种情况下的非微扰量子场论过程。目的是可靠地确定催化重子数破坏和产生给定质量的磁单极子所需的碰撞能量。

The Standard Model of particle physics predicts that at sufficiently strong magnetic fields, approximately 10^21 tesla, the electroweak sphaleron energy vanishes, and therefore baryon number violation becomes unsuppressed. If magnetic monopoles with mass less than around 100 TeV exist, as predicted by some Pati-Salam -like unification models, they would also be produced in such magnetic fields by the electromagnetic dual of the Schwinger process. Even though these field strengths are currently far beyond reach, it is possible to reach them in principle in sufficiently high energy heavy ion collisions. The purpose of this project is to study these non-perturbative quantum field theory processes in this setting, taking the time and space dependence of the induced magnetic field into account, using both classical field theory and approximative quantum field theory methods. The aim is to determine reliably the collision energy required to catalyse baryon number violation and to produce magnetic monopoles of given mass.