Redefining Water Violence: Identifying themes, factors and causes of water violence

“水冲突”是一个用得很好的术语，用来描述与水有关的分歧所带来的各种情况。然而，尽管目前的分类很强，但它确实排除了重要的事件，包括其他可以说不重要的事件。摆脱对冲突的学术定义的限制，转而将这一概念扩展到与水有关的暴力，允许进一步探索当前分组之外的因素、主题和联系，这将有利于正在进行的水暴力研究。了解原因并确定水暴力事件之间的主题可作为一种机制，协助预防和管理水暴力--例如，如果将性别确定为关键主题，则可调整政策或方法，将其纳入水资源综合管理计划，以减少水暴力。目前，除了格莱克对武器、触发器、伤亡的分类外，尚不清楚水上暴力事件是否有共同的因素和主题。系统的文献回顾应该能够进一步确定主题和因素，并创建进一步的分类。一旦确定，小规模的案例研究就可以用来“测试”这些类别。系统的审查还可以使文献之间的比较更容易，并可以确定和潜在地否定初步研究中的偏见，以及确定主题和异常。由此产生的研究应能更好地理解“水暴力”的原因和因素，可供其他学者进行进一步研究、专业人员调整水资源综合管理计划和政府指导政策，使水服务具有抵御水暴力的能力。

'Water conflict' is a well-used term that describes a variety of situations associated with disagreements related to water. However, although current categorisation is strong, it does exclude occurrences that are significant and includes others which arguably are not. Moving away from the restrictions of the academic definition of conflict and expanding the concept into water related violence instead, allows for further exploration into factors, themes, and links beyond the current groupings, which will be beneficial for ongoing research into water violence. Understanding causes and identifying themes between instances of water violence could be used as a mechanism to assist with prevention as well as management of water violence - for example, if gender was identified as a key theme, policy or methods could be adapted to incorporate this into IWRM schemes to reduce water violence. Currently, it is not clear if there are there are common factors and themes in water violence beyond Gleick's grouping of weapon, trigger, casualty. A systematic literature review should be able to further identify themes and factors and create further categorisation. Once identified, small-scale case studies could be used to 'test' the categories. A systematic review also allows for easier comparison between the literature and can identify and potentially negate bias in primary research, as well as ascertaining both themes and anomalies. The resulting research should provide greater understanding of causes and factors of 'water violence', that could be used by other academics to conduct further research, professionals to adapt IWRM programmes and governments to guide policy to make water services resilient against water violence.