Work-family Conflict and Drinking in Caregivers

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将测试工作家庭冲突（WFC）的前因和过程的综合模型，其中WFC与长期使用/滥用酒精有关，这些人也是儿童，受抚养成人或体弱老人的无偿照顾者。目标是检查：1）工作中WFC的先决条件（例如，工作压力源，包括工作场所骚扰，家庭友好政策），家庭/非工作（例如，照顾者负担，生活事件，非工作骚扰），和个人（即，负情感）域，以及这些变量如何与方向性相关（即，工作到家庭、家庭到工作）和类型（即，基于时间，基于应变）; 2）WFC对个体的影响程度（即，饮酒模式/问题，物质使用），家庭（即，家庭冲突）和工作（即，工作满意度，离职倾向）结果由苦恼（即，抑郁、焦虑、倦怠）; 3）个体中的风险因素（即，酒精预期，酒精中毒家族史），家族（例如，低配偶/伴侣支持），和工作场所（即，低主管/同事的支持，低可用性的工作场所的政策）域，可能会加强WFC饮酒的关系;和4）测试性别和种族/民族等效的模型。本研究将通过以下方式解决现有研究的不足：1）使用照顾者的包容性定义，2）更详细地测量WFC，3）测试WFC-饮酒关系的各种潜在调节因素，以及4）研究多样化的样本。将使用随机数字拨号电话筛选（基线）和邮件调查方法（基线、12个月、24个月）的组合，在从不同城市社区抽取的代表性样本中进行3波面板研究（N= 1，300）。将使用回归和结构方程模型分析数据。长期目标是：1）确定家庭和工作环境中可能导致干预措施减少WFC和酒精问题的因素，2）影响WFC相关酒精问题的治疗，以及3）增加有关酒精滥用风险因素的知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will test a comprehensive model of antecedents of work-family conflict (WFC) and processes whereby WFC is linked to alcohol use/misuse over time in employed people who are also unpaid caregivers of children, dependent adults, or frail elderly. Goals are to examine: 1) Antecedents of WFC in work (e.g., job stressors including workplace harassment, family-friendly policies), family/non-work (e.g., caregiver burden, life events, non-work harassment), and individual (i.e., negative affectivity) domains, and how these variables are related to directionality (i.e., work-to-family, family-to-work) and type (i.e., time-based, strain-based) of WFC; 2) The extent to which effects of WFC on individual (i.e., drinking patterns/problems, substance use), family (i.e., family conflict), and work (i.e., job satisfaction, turnover intent) outcomes are mediated by distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, burnout); 3) Risk factors in individual (i.e., alcohol expectancies, family history of alcoholism), family (e.g., low spouse/partner support), and workplace (i.e., low supervisor/coworker support, low usability of workplace policies) domains that may strengthen WFC-drinking relationships; and 4) To test the gender and racial/ethnic equivalence of the model. This study will address deficiencies of existing research by 1) using an inclusive definition of caregiver, 2) measuring WFC in greater detail, 3) testing a wide variety of potential moderators of WFC-drinking relationships, and 4) studying a diverse sample. A combination of random digit dial telephone screening (baseline) and mail survey methodology (baseline, 12 mo, 24 mo) will be used to conduct the 3-wave panel study (N=1,300) in a representative sample drawn from a diverse urban community. Data will be analyzed using regression and structural equation modeling. Long term objectives are to 1) identify factors in family and work environments that can lead to interventions to decrease WFC and alcohol problems, 2) impact treatment of WFC-associated alcohol problems, and 3) add to the body of knowledge on risk factors for alcohol abuse.