Multi-Scale Governance of Second Homes: An International Analysis

第二套住房问题是一个长期存在的挑战，近年来再次成为政治议程的焦点。在威尔士，Covid疫情和英国退欧被认为加速了购买第二套房的趋势，并加剧了现有的紧张局势。人们认为第二套住房的负面影响包括住房存量减少和房价上涨、社区侵蚀和人口减少，这导致服务和语言的丧失以及社区生活的季节性。自2021年参议院选举以来，威尔士政府宣布了一系列措施，以解决第二套住房拥有对威尔士社区的影响。类似的挑战和回应也出现在欧洲和其他地区。然而，应对第二套住房带来的挑战是复杂的，因为它发生在不同的监管规模，包括超监管和国际监管、国家监管、次国家监管和地方监管。尽管第二居所被认为是一种多尺度的现象，但不同管理级别之间的相互作用仍然没有得到充分的研究。这项研究的目的是了解1)第二居所治理的不同规模之间的关系，2)不同社会和政治和社会行为者之间的关系，以及3)这些关系对实施政策干预的能力的影响。在发展第二居所的多尺度视角时，研究将探索以下研究问题：-第二居所的复杂现象是如何在不同的司法管辖区管理的？-谁是第二居所治理的关键行为者？-第二居所的治理发生在哪些不同的尺度上(国际、国家、地区、地方)？-第二居所的主要主题/焦点/话语(例如人/财产/资本)？-第二居所的多尺度治理对政策的制定和实施有什么影响？

The issue of second homes is a longstanding challenge that has claimed up the political agenda once again over recent years. In Wales, the Covid pandemic and Brexit are cited as having accelerated trends in second home buying and accentuating existing tensions. The perceived negative impacts of second homes include a decrease in housing stock and increased house prices, community erosion, and population decline, which lead to service and language loss and the seasonality of community life. Since the 2021 Senedd election, the Welsh Government has announced a package of measures to address the impact of second home ownership on Wales' communities. Similar challenges and responses are also seen in other parts of Europe and beyond.Yet, responding to the challenges that second homes present is complex as it takes place at different regulatory scales, which includes the supra- and international, state, sub-state and local. Despite the fact that second homes are accepted as being a multi-scale phenomena, the interplay between different levels of administration remains under-researched. The aim of the research is to understand 1) the relationship between different scales of governance of second homes, 2) the relationship between different various social and political and societal actors, and 3) the implications these relationships have upon the ability to implement policy interventions. In developing a multi-scale perspective of second homes, the research will explore the following research questions:- How is the complex phenomenon of second homes governed in different jurisdictions?- Who are the key actors in the governance of second homes?- What are the different scales at which the governance of second homes occurs (international, state, regional, local)?- What is the primary subject/focus/discourse of second homes (e.g. people/property/capital)?- What are the implications of the multi-scalar governance of second homes for devising policy and its implementation?