Gender representations in human trafficking in Italy and the UK nowadays: a rights approach

这项研究旨在探索当今意大利和英国关于人口贩运的性别表征、话语和叙事是如何构建、谈判和挑战的；以及它们如何影响被贩运妇女的人权和以性剥削为目的的保护权利，特别是获得居留证、人道主义保护和庇护的机会。它将考虑诸如废奴主义者和亲性工作合法化组织等民间社会组织在构建或挑战占主导地位的陈述以及在界定性别叙事方面的作用。该项目分析了自本世纪头十年以来政治家和机构就人口贩运、移民、走私、性别和人权所作的政治和社会话语如何被从事人口贩运工作的民间社会组织重新解释，这些组织如何塑造关于性别、人口贩运和移民的话语，以及世俗和宗教非政府组织如何解释人权和被贩运妇女的保护权。它将从性别角度探讨图像(例如，受害妇女、非法移民、安全和健康威胁、“不配的妓女”等的视觉、口头、书面和心理图像)。在非政府组织的陈述中，他们将重点放在废除性工作的组织和促进性工作合法化的组织之间的二分法，以使个人权利合法化，并控制潜在的贩运和剥削。这项研究将借鉴我在一家意大利非政府组织与被贩卖者合作的经验，它将考虑非政府组织的组织档案、它们开展的运动以及制作的小册子、网站文章和其他材料。它还将包括与选定的组织及其利益相关者的面谈。关于中间人、政治和机构代表的文献表明，它们是如何被刻板印象和政治化的。这项研究假设，声称捍卫被贩卖妇女利益的非政府组织也有影响流动妇女权利的陈述，以及性别、妇女身份、道德、安全和健康的概念。

The research aims at exploring how gender representations, discourses, and narratives on human trafficking nowadays in Italy and the UK are constructed, negotiated, and challenged; and how they impact the human and the protection rights of trafficked women for the purposes of sexual exploitation, specifically access to residence permits, humanitarian protection and asylum. It will consider the role of civil society organisations such as abolitionist and pro sex work legalisation organisations in constructing or challenging dominant representations, and in defining gender narratives. The project analyses how political and social discourses on human trafficking, migration, smuggling, gender, and human rights made by politicians and institutions since the 2000s are reinterpreted by civil society organisations working on human trafficking, how organisations shape the discourse around gender, human trafficking, and migration, and how secular and religious NGOs interpret human rights and the rights to protection of trafficked women. It will explore from a gender perspective the iconology (e.g. visual, verbal, written, and mental images of victimised women, illegal migrants, security and health threats, "unworthy prostitutes", etc.) in representations that NGOs portray focussing on the dichotomy between organisations that campaign to abolish sex work, and those that promote the legalisation of sex work to regularise individuals' rights and to control potential trafficking and exploitation. The research will draw on my experience working with trafficked people in an Italian NGO, and it will consider NGOs' organisational archives, the campaigns conducted by them, and pamphlets, website articles and other materials produced. It will also include interviews with the organisations selected and their stakeholders. Literature on mediatic, political and institutional representations shows how they are stereotyped and politicised. This research hypothesises that NGOs that claim to defend trafficked women's interests also have representations affecting migrant women's rights, and notions of gender, womanhood, morality, security, and health.