Dietary Factors in Eye Disease

本提案的主要目的是对女性和男性年龄相关性黄斑病变（ARM）和白内障的饮食预测因素进行分析。所提出的分析将使用从妇女健康研究（WHS）和医生健康研究I （PHS I）中收集的详细的营养、行为和血液数据，这是两项预防心血管疾病和癌症的大型随机试验。已经测量了基于血脂的数据，并可用于提供基线血液标本的27,000多名WHS参与者。这项工作的目标之一是评估饮食和血浆中不同类型脂肪（总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率）水平与女性患ARM和白内障风险的关系，并评估是否有任何可能的关联与体重无关。还将进行分析，以确定摄入鱼类，特别是ω -3脂肪酸，是否与降低女性、男性和总人口中患ARM的风险有关。最近被证明可以预测心血管疾病、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病的其他更为全球性的饮食方面，也将在与眼病的关系中进行评估。拟议的工作包括调查总血糖负荷是否与女性白内障风险相关，以及饮食模式是否与女性ARM和白内障风险相关，评估食物和营养素的组合摄入方式。WHS和PHS I的独特之处在于它们的大尺寸、前瞻性设计以及详细可靠的暴露和结果信息。因此，所提出的分析代表了一个极具成本效益的机会，可以直接比较女性和男性的ARM和白内障的几个潜在可改变的危险因素的预测能力。

The major aim of this proposal is to conduct analyses of dietary predictors of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and cataract in women and men. The analyses proposed will use detailed nutritional, behavioral, and blood-based data collected in the Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study I (PHS I), two large randomized trials in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Blood-based lipid data have already been measured, and are available for more than 27,000 WHS participants who provided blood specimens at baseline. One goal of this proposed work will be to evaluate the associations of dietary and plasma levels of different types of fat (total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio) with risks of ARM and cataract in women, and to assess whether any possible associations are independent of body weight. Analyses will also be conducted to determine whether intake of fish, and specifically omega-3 fatty acids, is associated with decreased risks of ARM in women, in men, and in the combined populations. Other more global aspects of diet recently shown to predict cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, will also be evaluated in relation to eye disease. The proposed work includes an investigation of whether total glycemic load is associated with risks of cataract in women, and whether dietary pattern, the evaluation of how foods and nutrients are consumed in combination, is associated with risks of ARM and cataract in women. The WHS and PHS I are unique for their large size, prospective design, and detailed and reliable exposure and outcome information. Thus, the proposed analyses represent an extremely cost-effective opportunity to compare directly the predictive ability of several potentially modifiable risk factors for ARM and cataract in women and men.