Does the oxidation of organic material on atmospheric mineral aerosol change the solar radiative forcing of mineral aerosol?

地球的大气层是一种氧化介质，有效地充当低温、稀释燃料、燃烧系统，氧化复杂化合物，并通过云水和干沉积将它们返回地球表面。颗粒物的化学成分通过散射和吸收太阳辐射直接影响气候，并由于其作为云凝结核的能力而间接影响气候，导致云形成降雨模式的变化。云对大气颗粒物的处理改变了云的光学性质，大气矿物颗粒物含有有机膜，影响颗粒的反应性及其作为云凝结核的潜力。您将研究大气氧化剂与矿物气溶胶上的有机膜反应的光学特性和动力学。动力学将给出大气寿命，光学特性将能够计算气候辐射强迫的变化。如果寿命小于10天，大于1分钟，那么它很重要。您将位于卢瑟福-阿普尔顿实验室（牛津郡）令人羡慕的设施，并在中央激光设施进行实验，目前与RHUL学生一起工作的主管。您将从大气气溶胶中提取有机物质，将其放置在球形矿物颗粒上，并将其置于激光陷阱中进行大气氧化。中子反射研究将从动力学上确定有机材料的形态和厚度，从而可以评估大气寿命。激光镊子研究将确定氧化过程中材料的折射率，从而可以估计氧化过程中辐射强迫的变化。您将接受前沿设施技术的培训，研究矿物质和水之间的新界面，同时依靠空气-水界面的成功记录。卢瑟福-阿普尔顿实验室将允许您与许多世界领先的科学家进行互动。您将接受激光光谱学，中子反射，化学提取，大气采样和大气建模方面的培训，并通过建模，现场和实验室组件获得博士学位。请联系Martin King（m.king@ rhul.ac.uk）进行非正式交谈。鼓励具有化学，物理，工程或地球科学学位的候选人申请。

The atmosphere of the Earth is an oxidizing medium and effectively acts as a low temperature, dilute fuel, combustion system, oxidizing complex compounds and returning them to the surface of the Earth via cloud water and dry deposition. The chemical composition of particulate matter affects climate directly, by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly, owing to its ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei, leading to a change in cloud formation rainfall patterns. Cloud processing of atmospheric particulate matter changes the optical properties of clouds.Atmospheric mineral particulate matter contains organic films that effect the reactivity of the particle and its potential to act as cloud condensation nuclei. You will study the optical properties and kinetics of atmospheric oxidants reacting with organic films on mineral aerosol. The kinetics will give an atmospheric lifetime and optical properties will enable calculation of the change in climatic radiative forcing. If the lifetime is less than ten days and more than 1 minute then it is important. You will be based at the enviable facilities of the Rutherford-Appleton laboratory (Oxfordshire) and undertake experiments at the central laser facility with supervisors currently working with RHUL students. You will extract organic material from atmospheric aerosol, place it on spheric mineral particles and subject it to atmospheric oxidation whilst held in a laser trap. Neutron reflection studies will determine the morphology and thickness of the organic material kinetically allowing an assessment of atmospheric lifetime. Laser tweezer studies will determine the refractive index of the material during oxidation allowing the estimation of a change in radiative forcing of the oxidation. You will train in bleeding-edge facility techniques studying a new interface between mineral and water whilst relying on a track record of success on the air-water interface. The Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory will allow you to interact with many world-leading scientists. You will be trained in laser spectroscopy, neutron reflection, chemical extraction, atmospheric sampling and atmospheric modelling achieving a PhD with modelling, field and laboratory components. Please contact Martin King (m.king@rhul.ac.uk) for an informal chat. Candidates with degrees in Chemistry, Physics, Engineering or Earth science are encouraged to apply.