Individual Housing Data and Socioeconomic Status

描述(由申请人提供)：社会阶层、职位或社会经济地位(SES)是社会和临床流行病学中的一个重要概念。研究表明，SES的衡量标准与健康结果和获得卫生保健服务的机会密切相关。在研究干预措施的效果时，SES也是一个必须“控制”的重要协变量。尽管社会经济地位的衡量方法具有公认的重要性，但在用于卫生服务研究的数据集中，如医疗记录、疾病登记和生命统计，往往无法获得社会经济数据。然而，医疗记录或管理数据通常会包含患者的地址。地址信息可能允许研究人员将患者数据与房地产税评估记录中列举的住房特征联系起来。如果能够做到这种联系，研究人员也许能够为所有或大多数患者构建一个基于住房的SES测量方法。还将为研究人员提供新的机会，利用以前收集的行政数据集、医疗记录或疾病登记进行基础和应用研究。拟议研究的主要目标是探索一种独特的方法途径，以根据个人住房数据得出基于住房的社会经济地位(HSES)的衡量标准，并克服经常使用的数据来源中缺乏社会经济数据的问题。我们的四个具体研究目标是：具体目标1：根据特征(任期、类型和大小等)为个人开发一个社会经济指标。对个人住房数据(即HSES)进行评估，并确定这一综合指标(即HSES)在将“社区”社会经济状况(NSE)纳入指标时是否有所改善。目标1是本研究的主要目的。具体目标2：通过比较社会地位的Hollinghead四因素指数和Nakao-Treas职业声望得分这两个广泛使用的社会地位衡量指标，将HSES上的人员分类与这些人的社会经济分类进行比较，以确定HSES的标准效度。具体目的3：通过评估HSES、哮喘患病率和1-18岁父母及子女总体健康状况之间的统计关系，评估HSES的结构效度。具体目的4：通过对密苏里州杰克逊县儿童和家长样本的索引进行修正，确定明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县构建的HSES的外部效度。与奥姆斯特德县相比，奥姆斯特县是一个更具种族和种族多样性的环境。我们已经检查了杰克逊县文件中的数据元素和奥姆斯特德县的数据元素，这两个文件在本研究中使用的所有元素上都是兼容的。为了达到拟议的研究目标，我们将进行一项双点横断面研究，为明尼苏达州奥姆斯特县和密苏里州杰克逊县的儿童父母开发和验证根据住房特征(即HSES)和社区社会经济状况(NSE)得出的社会经济指标。将对1,400名1-18岁儿童的父母进行电话采访，以获得更多数据。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social class, position, or socioeconomic status (SES) is an important construct in social and clinical epidemiology. Research has demonstrated that measures of SES are strongly associated with health outcomes and access to health care services. SES also is an important covariate that must be "controlled" when the effects of interventions are studied. Despite the recognized importance of measures of SES, socioeconomic data are often unavailable in data sets used for health services research, such as medical records, disease registries, and vital statistics. Medical records or administrative data, however, do routinely contain addresses of patients. Address information might allow researchers to link patient data to housing characteristics enumerated within real property tax assessment records. If such a linkage can be done, researchers might be able to construct a housing-based measure of SES for all or most patients. New opportunities for investigators to use previously collected administrative data sets, medical records, or disease registries for basic and applied research also would be opened. The major goal of the proposed study is to explore a unique methodological avenue for producing a measure of housing-based socioeconomic status (HSES) that is derived from individual housing data and that would overcome the absence of socioeconomic data in frequently used data sources. Our 4 specific study aims are: Specific Aim 1: To develop a socioeconomic indicator for individuals derived from a composite of characteristics (tenure, type, and size, etc.) of individual housing data (i.e., HSES), and, to determine whether this composite indicator (i.e., HSES) is improved when "neighborhood" socioeconomic status (NSES) is incorporated into the indicator. Aim 1 is the primary aim of the study. Specific Aim 2: To determine the criterion validity of the HSES by comparing the classification of persons on the HSES with socioeconomic classifications of these persons on the Hollingshead 4-Factor Index of Social Status and Nakao-Treas Occupational Prestige Scores, 2 widely used measures of social position. Specific Aim 3: To assess the construct validity of the HSES by evaluating statistical associations between the HSES, asthma prevalence, and general health status of parents and children (1-18 years). Specific Aim 4: To determine the external validity of the HSES constructed with Olmsted County, Minnesota, data by refitting the index on a sample of children and parents in Jackson County, Missouri. The latter is a more ethnically and racially diverse environment than Olmsted County. We have checked the data elements in the Jackson County files against those in Olmsted County, and the 2 are compatible on all elements to be used in this study. To accomplish the proposed study aims, we will perform a dual-site cross-sectional study that develops and validates the socioeconomic indicators derived from housing characteristics (i.e., HSES) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) for parents of children in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and Jackson County, Missouri. Telephone interviews will be completed with 1,400 parents of children 1-18 years to obtain additional data.