Health and Air Quality Regulation in Delhi, India

描述(由申请人提供)：摘要：我们提出了创新的方法来模拟和分析呼吸健康结果以及与最近实施的空气质量法规相关的经济和政策反应，德里及其邻近地区的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)污染排名第十，基本上不受这些法规的影响。我们首先开发一个简单的模型来捕捉家庭健康和居住情况 选择以及它们如何与劳动力和土地市场相互作用，以确定工业分区执行变化的分配影响。我们的经验分析建立在这个模型的基础上，并利用了2000年底住宅分区执行程度和商用车辆改用压缩天然气(CNG)的意外变化，这些变化被认为对空气质量产生了重要影响。因此，我们计划通过分析对流层中的气溶胶光学厚度(AOT[城市地区空气质量的替代指标])来了解调节前后空气质量的时空动态。这些数据将从遥感卫星上提取，并通过TSP2.5和AOT地面测量进行验证，我们将于2005年1月初在150个口岸开始记录，这些口岸将根据距离空气污染源的距离、城市中心、城市密度和结构等确定。我们已经在研究区开始了社会经济和呼吸健康调查。使用一种新开发的基于位置的抽样技术选择了一个家庭样本。首先，根据5个因素对研究区域进行分层：空气质量、到主要公路的距离、热电厂、工业场地和城市中心。最后，我们在识别出的地层的居民区生成了1700个随机点。这些随机点在全球定位系统(GPS)的帮助下导航，以获得家庭同意，并用于包括与家庭、个人和他们的肺部相关的信息的调查部分 功能。在第一轮中，我们预计将覆盖1500个家庭，可能在3月中旬之前完成。正在对整个调查数据进行地理编码，以了解空气质量和呼吸健康反应的空间相关性。将使用空间统计和计量经济学模型来调查空气质量、经济选择和呼吸健康反应之间的相互作用。此外，我们还将研究因暴露于糟糕的空气质量以及人们愿意为清洁空气买单而造成的发病率成本，这是环境法规辩论的核心。我们提议在2006年6月至8月对这些家庭进行第二轮调查，这将使我们能够了解空气质量的时间和季节变化对呼吸健康的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: We propose innovative methods of modeling and analysis of respiratory health outcomes and economic and policy responses in relation to recently implemented air quality regulation in Delhi, the 10th most polluted city in the world in terms of total suspended particulate (TSP), and its neighboring districts, largely unaffected by these regulations. We first develop a simple model that captures household health and residence choices and how they interact with the labor and land markets in determining the distributonal effects of changes in industrial zoning enforcement. Our empirical analysis builds on this model and exploits unanticipated changes in the degree of enforcement of residential zoning and the conversion of commerical vehicles to compressed natural gas (CNG) in late 2000 that are thought to have importantly influenced air quality. As a result, we plan to understand space-time dynamics of air quality in pre and post regulation periods by analyzing aerosol optical thickness (AOT [a surrogate of air quality in urban areas]) in the troposphere. This data will be retrieved from remote sensing satellites and validated through TSP 2.5 and AOT ground meaurements that we will start recording at the beginning of January 2005 at the 150 control points to be determined by distances from air pollution sources, city center, urban density and structure etc. We have already started a socio-economic and respiratory health survey in the study area. A sample of households was selected using a newly developed location based sampling technique. To begin with the study area was stratified using 5 factors: air quality, distances from the main highway, thermal plants, industrial sites and city center. Finally we generated 1700 random points in the residential areas of the identified strata. These random points are navigated with the help of global positioning system (GPS) to acquire household consent, and for the survey component that includes information related to household, individual and their lung function. In the first round, we expect to cover 1500 households likely to be completed by mid March. The entire survey data is being geocoded in order to understand the spatial dependency of air quality and respiratory health responses. Spatial-statistical and econometric models will be employed to investigate interaction between air quality, economic choices and respiratory health responses. In additon, we will examine the cost of morbidity, caused by exposure to poor air quality and people's willingness to pay for clean air, which is central to the environmental regulations debate. We propose a second round of survey of the same households in June-August 2006 that will allow us to understand the effects of temporal and seasonal variations in air quality on respiratory health.