Who is the Subject of Intersectionality? Intersectional Feminism and Structuralist Philosophies of the Subject

这个博士项目的目的是为支撑“交叉性”概念的主观性和经验提供哲学基础，同时反映来自交叉性女权主义的批评。交叉性是由法律学者金贝利·克伦肖在1989年创造的，指的是为了理解有色人种女性经历的特定形式的压迫，我们不能分开理解性别和种族压迫，而必须努力理解它们是如何交叉的。通过主体的结构主义哲学来研究跨部门女权主义的传统，将使我能够揭示主导跨部门女权主义领域的两种观点之间的紧张关系：一种是被压迫的人在理解自己的压迫时拥有认识优势的观点，另一种是压迫是通过无形的权力结构复制出来的，这些权力结构在他们影响和支配的主体的背后以分散的方式运作。这项研究探索了这样一种观点，即在跨部门分析中有一个双重主体处于危险之中：当支撑权力结构分析的主体被征服，并与其生活经验不透明时，支撑立场理论的主体是至高无上的，与其生活经验是透明的关系。要研究的问题是如何将这两种关于主体性的描述结合在一起思考，以实现一种强有力的压迫理论，该理论承认种族、资本主义和父权压迫秩序复制自身的方式存在必要的不透明性，但不会因此剥夺其‘臣民’的能动性。通过将主体的哲学与其他学科内发展的关于交叉性的论述对峙，研究进一步寻求将西方哲学中理解压迫主题的理论框架问题化为问题。

The aim of this PhD project is to provide a philosophical grounding for the ideas about subjectivity and experience underpinning the concept of 'intersectionality' whilst simultaneously reflecting the criticism from intersectional feminism back on that philosophical grounding.Coined by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, the term 'intersectionality' refers to the idea that in order to grasp the particular form of oppression experienced by women of colour we cannot understand gender and race oppression separately but must try and understand how they intersect. Investigating the tradition of intersectional feminism via structuralist philosophies of the subject, will allow me to throw light on a tension between two ideas dominating the field of intersectional feminism: the idea that oppressed people have an epistemic advantage when it comes to understanding their own oppression and the idea that oppression is reproduced by invisible power structures that operate in diffuse ways behind the backs of the subjects they affect and dominate.The study explores the idea that there is a dual subject at stake in intersectional analysis: whilst the subject underpinning structural analyses of power is subjugated and stands in an opaque relation to its lived experience, the subject underpinning standpoint theories is sovereign and stands in a transparent relation to its lived experience. The problem to be investigated is how these two accounts of subjectivity can be thought together, in order to realize a robust theory of oppression that recognizes a necessary opacity in the way in which the racial, capitalist and patriarchal order of oppression reproduces itself but without thereby depriving its 'subjects' of agency.By confronting the philosophies of the subject with the discourses on intersectionality developed within other disciplines, the research further seeks to problematize the theoretical framework for understanding the subject of oppression within Western philosophy.