Call of nature: How do livestock veterinary drugs impact dung beetles and other macroinvertebrates, their microbiota and associated ecosystem services

项目大纲：蜣螂和其他土壤大型无脊椎动物的活动通过直接消耗和促进微生物群落的共同作用促进粪便的分解，从而支持健康土壤的维持，但阿维菌素和抗生素等牲畜兽药威胁到这种生态系统服务。虽然阿维菌素（虫）和抗生素都是牲畜的常规用药，并且可能同时存在于粪便中，但这些兽药对蜣螂行为、繁殖、土壤动物-微生物组相互作用以及相关生态系统水平的综合影响（消极或积极）可能是实质性的，但之前尚未进行过研究。该项目旨在解决这些问题，以便更好地了解所涉及的过程，这可能有助于改善粮食安全，减轻农业环境中的抗生素耐药性、生物多样性丧失和气候变化。

Project Outline:The activities of dung beetles and other soil macroinvertebrates support the maintenance of healthy soils by facilitating the breakdown of dung through combined direct consumption and facilitated microbial community action, but livestock veterinary drugs such as avermectins and antibiotics threaten such ecosystem services.Although avermectins (wormers) and antibiotics are both routinely administered to livestock and may be present in dung at the same time the combinational impacts (negative or positive) of these veterinary drugs on dung beetle behaviour, reproduction, soil fauna-microbiome interactions, and associated ecosystem level consequences are likely to be substantive but have not been studied before.This project aims to address these issues to provide a better understanding of the processes involved which may help improve food security and mitigate against antibiotic resistance, biodiversity loss and climate change in agricultural environments.