Understanding the relationship between cannabis use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的神经发育障碍，其特征在于注意力不集中和多动/冲动。大麻使用和大麻使用障碍（CUD）在ADHD人群中普遍存在。初步证据表明，大麻可以缓解ADHD的核心症状。目前英国提供大麻药物指导的NICE指南没有考虑ADHD，这是医疗保健指导的一个关键差距。缺乏人类研究和方法学问题使大麻在ADHD人群中的危害和药用潜力的研究结果复杂化。该博士将通过探索大麻的使用，CUD以及大麻在ADHD人群和控制中的药用潜力来解决这些问题。我的研究问题是“大麻使用和ADHD之间的联系是什么，以及大麻使用对ADHD患者的潜在危害和益处是什么？”".作为该项目的一部分，将进行四项研究;（1）ADHD患者大麻使用和大麻使用障碍患病率的系统回顾和荟萃分析，（2）ADHD成人大麻使用和大麻使用障碍的定性调查，（3）药用大麻对ADHD临床结果的关联（4）使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）探索大麻对ADHD成年人的急性影响。我计划在海外进行一项（KU Leuven，Belgium）住宅EMA方法培训课程，并从中获得国际认可的EMA方法资格。我还计划在定性研究中心（巴斯大学）开展SWDTP资助的定制定性培训研讨会，开展系统性综述和荟萃分析（科克伦）培训，MPlus和来自GW 4 MRC DTP的医学研究核心培训。我的研究将被告知并传播给一个公众和患者参与（PPI）小组，该小组由10名有ADHD生活经历的人组成，有或没有使用大麻的经验，我将在开始每项研究之前与他们会面，并在完成每项研究后再次会面。我的博士学位将通过采用一系列先进，新颖和跨学科的方法来扩大ADHD和大麻研究领域。这项研究可以产生具有重大社会和经济意义的发现，并可以了解大麻如何伤害和/或帮助ADHD患者，这可以为NICE指南提供信息。我的博士学位符合UKRI的战略研究主题“确保更好的健康”和ESRC的战略目标“改善健康，福祉和社会关怀”。

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, characterised by inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are prevalent amongst ADHD populations. Preliminary evidence suggests cannabis can alleviate core symptoms of ADHD. Current NICE guidelines that provide guidance on cannabis medicines in the UK do not consider ADHD, which represents a key gap in healthcare guidance. A lack of human research and methodological problems convolute findings of the harms and medicinal potential of cannabis in ADHD populations. This PhD will address these issues by exploring cannabis use, CUD, and the medicinal potential of cannabis in ADHD populations and controls. My research questions are "what is the association of cannabis use and ADHD, and what are the potential harms and benefits of cannabis use in people with ADHD?". Four studies will be conducted as part of this project; (1) systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in individuals with ADHD, (2) a qualitative investigation of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults with ADHD, (3) associations of medicinal cannabis on clinical outcomes of ADHD(4) exploring the acute effects of cannabis in adults with ADHD using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).I plan to undertake an overseas (KU Leuven, Belgium) residential EMA methods training course, and gain an internationally recognised qualification in EMA methods from this. I also plan to undertake SWDTP-Funded Bespoke Qualitative Training Workshops at the Centre for Qualitative Research (University of Bath), undertake training on systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Cochrane), MPlus, and core training in medical research from the GW4 MRC DTP. My research will be informed and disseminated to a Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group, consisting of 10 individuals with lived experience of ADHD, with and without experience of using cannabis, whom I will meet with prior to beginning each study, and again upon completion of each study. My PhD will expand the field of ADHD and cannabis research by employing a series of advanced, novel, and cross-disciplinary methods. This research could produce findings with great social and economic importance and could inform understanding of how cannabis may harm and/or help people with ADHD which could inform NICE guidelines. My PhD aligns with the UKRI's strategic research theme 'Securing better health' and ESRC's strategic aim 'Improving health, wellbeing, and social care'.