What is mindfulness? Development of a cross-cultural consensual definition and a cross-cultural measure of mindfulness

近年来，正念变得非常流行，有大量的正念培训课程。这部分是因为研究表明，学习正念对心理健康和幸福有益，正念训练甚至在NHS抑郁症治疗指南中被推荐。然而，尽管如此，不同的人以不同的方式定义正念，人们对正念的看法也存在跨文化差异。这也意味着很难准确地测量正念，因为我们首先需要对正念是什么达成一致，然后才能测量它。准确地测量正念很重要，因为它可以让我们知道现有的正念训练计划如何改善正念，也可以让我们改进正念训练计划，以便他们可以更充分地改善正念的各个方面，并可能导致更好的结果。两位主管都是临床心理学家，在学生期间，将有机会获得在苏塞克斯正念中心内NHS工作的临床经验。项目的目的和目标这个学生奖学金有两个目标：1。开发一个有效和可靠的正念自我报告措施符合正念的跨文化理解;和，2。开发和完善非自我报告的正念措施，包括使用行为和心理生理学方法的措施

Mindfulness has become extremely popular in recent years and there are a vast number of mindfulness training courses available. This is partly because research has demonstrated that learning mindfulness is beneficial for mental health and wellbeing and mindfulness training is even recommended in NHS treatment guidelines for depression. However, despite this, different people define mindfulness in different ways and there are cross-cultural differences in how people think about mindfulness. This also means that it is difficult to measure mindfulness accurately because we first need to agree on what mindfulness is before we can measure it. Measuring mindfulness accurately is important because it will allow us to know how well existing mindfulness training programmes improve mindfulness and it will also allow us to refine mindfulness training programmes so that they can improve all aspects of mindfulness more fully and potentially lead to better outcomes. Both supervisors are clinical psychologists and, during the studentship, there will be the opportunity to gain clinical experience working in the NHS within the Sussex Mindfulness Centre. Project aims and objectivesThis studentship has two aims:1. To develop a valid and reliable self-report measure of mindfulness in line with a cross-cultural understanding of mindfulness; and,2. To develop and refine non-self-report measures of mindfulness, including measures using behavioural and psychophysiological methods