Forecasting radiation for the Lunar Gateway space station

从太阳向外流动的磁化等离子体形成了一种被称为日光层的宇宙等离子体结构，向外延伸到100Au。来自超新星和脉冲星的银河宇宙射线(GCR)和来自太阳的太阳高能粒子(SEP)对航天器和宇航员在超出地球磁场保护影响的情况下旅行构成了重大的辐射风险。它们通过日光层传播到近地空间，对于描述未来对月球和更远地方的探索努力至关重要。该项目将利用太阳风和日冕物质抛射模型来模拟日光层中GCRS和SEP的传播，并与空间测量结果进行比较。该项目的重点将是即将到来的月球门户空间站，该空间站将于2025年发射，将作为未来探索月球南极和火星的基地。具体的重点领域包括：利用最新的观测约束条件对日益具有代表性的日光层进行模拟；审查相对论粒子进入顺月空间和月球门户轨道的途径；以及模拟高能粒子与日冕物质抛射的相互作用。该项目受益于参与与月球门户和阿特弥斯方案有关的NASA/欧空局/CAS/日本宇宙航空研究开发机构门户太阳物理和空间辐射工作组，相关的旅行可能成为该项目的一部分。

The magnetised plasma streaming outward from the Sun creates a cosmic plasma structure termed 'the heliosphere', extending out to 100 au. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) originating from supernovae and pulsars, and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) sourced from the Sun, present a major radiation risk for spacecraft and astronauts travelling out beyond the protective influence of the Earth's magnetic field. Their propagation through the heliosphere to near-Earth space is essential to characterise to enable future exploration efforts to the Moon and beyond. The project will simulate the propagation of GCRs and SEPs through the heliosphere using models of the solar wind and coronal mass ejections and compare to space-based measurements. A focus for this project will be the upcoming Lunar Gateway Space Station, due to launch in 2025, which will act as a base for future exploration of the lunar south-pole and Mars. Specific areas of focus include modelling an increasingly representative heliosphere using the latest observational constraints; examining relativistic particle access to cis-lunar space and Lunar Gateway orbits; and modelling the interactions of energetic particles with coronal mass ejections. This project benefits from involvement in the NASA/ESA/CAS/JAXA Gateway Heliophysics and Space Radiation Working Group associated with the Lunar Gateway and Artemis programme and associated travel may form a part of the project.