Development of framework and recommendations for indigenous engagement and participation in water governance: A comparative case study of the Philippi

《联合国环境与发展会议21世纪议程》指出，环境问题最好在所有有关公民的参与下加以处理（环发会议，1992年）。联合国所有193个成员国通过的《2030年可持续发展议程》重申了参与所有可持续发展进程的重要性，并直接提到了土著人民。(UNDESA, 2015)。参与提高了公众对水政策的接受和支持，促进了解决问题的能力，有助于避免规模错配，并改善了当地的水监测和服务提供（Akhmouch & Clavreul, 2016; Van Buuren, Van Meerkerk, & Tortajada, 2019）。目前的国际水治理框架没有积极鼓励有意义的土著参与。因此，该博士项目旨在确定土著参与和参与水治理的改进。基于一系列社会科学方法，将使用不列颠哥伦比亚省和菲律宾的比较案例研究来确定土著参与的主要障碍和推动因素，土著的价值观和规范，从而实现水治理，以及如何将这些有效地整合到每个国家的习惯水治理模式中。通过这种比较分析，将为全球北方和全球南方提出纳入土著知识的参与性水治理框架的建议。

Agenda 21 of the UN Conference on Environment and Development, states that environmental issues are best addressed with participation of all concerned citizens (UNCED, 1992). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all 193 UN member states, reaffirmed the importance of participation in all sustainable development processes, with a direct reference to Indigenous peoples. (UNDESA, 2015). Participation increases public acceptance and support for water policies, enhances problem-solving, helps avoid scale mismatches, and improves local water monitoring and service delivery (Akhmouch & Clavreul, 2016; Van Buuren, Van Meerkerk, & Tortajada, 2019). Current international water governance frameworks do not actively encourage meaningful Indigenous participation. As a result, this PhD project aims to identify improvements to indigenous engagement and participation in water governance. Based on a range of social science methods a comparative case study of British Columbia and the Philippines will be used to identify the key barriers and enablers to Indigenous engagement, the Indigenous values and norms that enable water governance and how these can be effectively integrated in customary water governance models in each country. Through this comparative analysis recommendations for participatory water governance frameworks that incorporate Indigenous knowledge, for both the Global North and Global South, will be made.