Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cardiovascular Risk and Behavior

长链omega-3脂肪酸主要通过食用鱼类获得，已知可为许多 在细胞功能和体内动态平衡中的重要作用。此外，这些微量营养素可以减少 在既往心脏病患者的饮食中补充心血管疾病(CVD)事件 疾病。鉴于美国人目前平均只摄入120毫克长链欧米茄-3脂肪 美国心脏协会现在建议所有成年人吃鱼， 尤其是富含脂肪的鱼，每周至少吃两次。到目前为止，几乎没有直接证据支持这样的建议。 因为目前还不清楚在公众饮食中增加鱼类消费是否或如何 降低患心脏病的风险。在另一项研究中，omega-3脂肪酸的相对缺乏 在法医样本中与严重抑郁症、注意力缺陷障碍和攻击性行为有关。 再一次，对健康成年人的研究是缺乏的。本计划项目资助申请项目3建议 为了进行两项调查，对530名一般健康的社区志愿者30-55岁进行了观察性研究 年，在报告低omega-3脂肪酸摄入量的子集中，安慰剂对照组 为期4个月的补充试验。在这两项研究中，心血管风险的标志物将是 被测量的，以及之前与心脏病有关的心理和行为特征 和omega-3脂肪酸的可用性。此外，观察性研究将包括颈动脉超声作为 临床前动脉粥样硬化的测量和调节情绪/威胁检测区域的脑功能成像 以及冲动/目标导向的行为。这项研究将检验这样的假设，即提高或提高EPA和 DMA摄入：1)降低心血管疾病风险，2)减少抑郁症状和敌对倾向，3)减少 冲动和攻击性，以及4)与参与情感和目标的神经结构的激活有关- 定向行为。最后，我们将研究调节脂肪酸新陈代谢的基因变异的影响。 相关性：心血管疾病仍然是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，寻找新的预防方法 干预仍然是当务之急。增加鱼和鱼油的摄入量似乎可以降低患者的死亡率 患有心脏病，并可能对心理健康和福祉有有益的影响。这个 拟议中的研究将更清楚地确定补充鱼油是否会降低心脏病风险 这些因素与情绪、敌对倾向和冲动的其他有益影响有关。

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are available primarily via consumption of fish and are known to serve many important roles in cell function and body homeostasis. Furthermore, these micronutrients reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) events when supplemented in the diets of patients with pre-existing heart disease. Given that Americans currently consume an average of only 120 mg of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids each day,the American Heart Association now recommends now recommends that all adults eat fish, particularly fatty fish, as least twice a week. As yet there is little direct evidence to support such an advisory since it is not clear either whether or how increasing fish consumption in the diet of the general pubic will reduce the risk of heart disease. In separate research, a relative deficiency in the omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with major depression, attention-deficit disorder and aggressive behavior in forensic samples. Once again, studies in healthy adults are lacking. Project 3 of this Program Project Grant application proposes to conduct two investigations, an observational study of 530 generally-healthy community volunteers 30-55 year of age,and,in a subset reporting low consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, a placebo-controlled supplementation experiment of 4 months duration. In both studies, markers of cardiovascular risk will be measured, as will psychological and behavioral characterises that have previously been linked to heart disease and omega-3 fatty acid availability. In addition, the observational study will include carotid ultrasound as a measure of pre-clinical atherosclerosis and functional brain imaging of regions regulating affect/threat detection and impulsivity/goal-directed behaviors. The research will test the hypotheses that high or raised EPA and DMA intake: 1) reduces CVD risk, 2) reduces depressive symptoms and antagonistic disposition, 3) reduces impulsivity and aggression, and 4) is related to activation of neural structures involved in affect and goal- directed behaviors. Finally, the effects of variation in genes regulating fatty acid metabolism will be studied. Relevance: CVD remains a leading cause of death and disability, and the search for new preventative interventions remains a prioty. Increasing fish and fish oil consmption appears to reduce mortality in patients with prexisiting heart disease and may have salutory effects on psychological health and well-being. The proposed research will more clearly establish whether fish oil supplementation reduces heart disease risk factors and is associated with other benefial effects on mood, antagonsitic disposition and impulsivity.