Age-27 Follow-up of Early Preventive Intervention

本研究是一项纵向随访的340名年轻男性和女性谁参加了随机对照试验的产前和婴儿家访的护士在埃尔迈拉，纽约，因为他们的母亲在1977年和1980年之间的怀孕期间登记在试验。这项研究将在这些第一个出生的孩子年满27岁时进行。其目的是确定当这些年轻人15岁时，使用该样本进行的护士之家访问是否具有非常有希望的效果，并持续到27岁。具体来说，目前的提案旨在确定，埃尔米拉计划在儿童2岁时结束25年后，是否：1）护士访问的年轻成年后代与比较组的年轻成年人在以下方面不同：a）他们的经济生产力（例如，失业、职业发展机会有限的工作就业、福利的使用、婚外生育率）; B）伴侣关系的质量（人际暴力率、承诺和沟通质量）; c） 他们对自己孩子的虐待和忽视率; d）他们的犯罪行为，逮捕，定罪和监禁率;以及e）他们的心理健康和滥用物质：2）该计划对年轻人经济生产力的影响集中在那些低收入母亲所生的人身上， 怀孕期间登记时未婚; 3）在初步研究中，该项目对成年人犯罪、暴力行为和第二代儿童虐待和忽视的影响集中在那些具有行为失调遗传易感性的个体上（编码MAOA的基因，多巴胺转运蛋白基因，以及尼古丁受体基因与环境风险的结合（产前接触烟草和虐待儿童）; 4）该计划对年轻人适应功能的影响可以通过该计划对母亲产前健康的综合影响来解释-相关行为、生命历程（结婚率、后续子女率和福利使用率）以及儿童虐待和忽视的经历; 5）护士访视 与被分配到比较条件的年轻人相比，年轻人产生的政府支出较少，税收收入较高。这项研究增加了早期干预的长期影响的文献，并标志着一个新的阶段，在这项研究计划的检查，在初步研究中，干预的影响在多大程度上集中在个人谁是双重风险的成人犯罪，因为结合遗传和环境风险。

This study is a longitudinal follow-up of 340 young men and women who have participated in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses in Elmira, New York since their mothers registered in the trial during their pregnancies between 1977 and 1980. The study will be conducted when these first-born children turn 27 years of age. It is designed to determine whether highly promising effects found for nurse home visiting with this sample when these young adults were 15 years of age endure through age 27. Specifically, the current proposal is designed to determine, 25 years after the Elmira program ended at child age 2, whether: 1) nurse-visited young adult offspring differ from comparison-group young adults in: a) their economic productivity (e.g., unemployment, employment in jobs with limited opportunities for career growth, use of welfare; rates of out-of wedlock births); b) the quality of their partnered relationships (rates of interpersonal violence, commitment, and quality of communication); c) their rates of child abuse and neglect perpetrated on their own children; d) their rates of criminal behavior, arrests, convictions, and imprisonment; and e) their mental health and abuse of substances: 2) the effects of the program on the young adults' economic productivity are concentrated on those individuals born to mothers who were low-income and unmarried at registration during their pregnancies; 3) the effects of the program on adult criminality, violent behavior, and second-generation child abuse and neglect, in prcliminary studies, are concentrated on those individuals with genetic vulnerabilities for behavioral dysregulation (functional polymorphisms in the gene that encodes MAOA, the dopamine transporter gene, and the (7 nicotine receptor gene) in combination with environmental risks (prenatal tobacco exposure and child maltreatment); 4) the effect of the program on young adults' adaptive functioning is explained by the combined effects of the program on their mothers" prenatal health-related behaviors, life-course (rates of marriage, subsequent children, and welfare use), and their experience of child abuse and neglect; and 5) nurse-visited young adults produced fewer government expenditures and higher tax revenues compared to young adults assigned to the comparison condition. This study adds to the literature on the long-term effects of early intervention and marks a new phase in this program of research by examining, in preliminary studies, the extent to which the effects of the intervention are concentrated in individuals who are at dual risk for adult criminality because of combined genetic and environmental risks.