An analysis of the relationship between Political Consumerism and Political Attitudes, Morality or Religion.

我的研究将考察社会规范及其相关趋势可能塑造政治消费主义的方式，以了解社会突出性是否会促进个人在市场中按照其政治信仰行事。政治态度和政治消费主义之间的一致性也可能因党派分歧或威权主义-自由主义的规模而异。在政治消费主义中，移民对右翼人士来说可能很重要，而可持续性和人权对左翼人士来说更重要。政治消费主义可能是复杂的，选择是有限的，这意味着与个人信仰一致的政治消费主义可能需要高度的道德强度。道德基础相关性的个体差异，通过道德基础问卷进行操作，也可以部分解释政治消费主义的频率（Graham et al., 2011）。此外，宗教与政治消费主义之间的联系可能意味着，通过利用统治和神圣的概念，宗教将鼓励可持续的政治消费。我要探讨的另一个调节因素是政治信任；低信任度可能导致对组织或当局的怀疑和悲观，这可能会降低道德营销的功效。然而，信任赤字也可能激励个人将公民参与从政府转移到市场。因此，希望和毅力的个体差异可以在低信任的政治环境中缓和政治消费。这项调查将对来自全球南方经历腐败和公民幻灭的国家的参与者进行。我将首先进行一个次要的系统文献综述，以确保我已经探索和检查了该领域的大部分相关研究。随后，我将探索二次研究，以检查包括政治消费主义和政治态度、道德或宗教信息的大规模数据集，如世界价值调查（Minkov, 2012）。我收集原始数据的第一阶段将涉及半结构化访谈，询问个人的道德、宗教和政治态度，以及他们的政治消费主义和态度或行为之间的任何差异。这将使我能够收集丰富的定性见解，展示个人对政治消费主义的感受，并以一种可理解和显著的方式表达定量调查的内容，从而最大限度地提高结构有效性。在分析了访谈的数据之后，我将开始创建调查，询问参与者他们的政治消费主义、宗教、道德、政治、人口统计和任何其他潜在的相关调节因素。我将用新创建的政治消费主义指数来衡量政治消费主义，该指数将抵制和购买的概念分开，同时还测量行为的频率和消费者责任的感受（Kyroglou & Henn, 2022）。这些调查将包括气候变化或乌克兰-俄罗斯战争等现实事件导致的政治消费主义。我将使用Qualtrics创建调查，然后在多产上进行。在R中分析这些调查的数据可能会表明，态度和政治消费主义之间的变量和潜在调节因素之间存在一些显著的相关性。为了测试这些调节因素的潜在因果作用，我将向参与者展示涉及消费者选择和调节变量的场景，以查看每个潜在调节因素的影响。这些研究将首先在英国和美国人口中进行，然后将研究扩展到跨文化，以衡量政治消费主义如何与全球南方不同的文化、宗教或政治景观相互作用。

My research will examine the way social norms and their trends in relevance may shape political consumerism to see if social salience will contribute to individuals acting on their political beliefs in the market. Concordance between political attitudes and political consumerism may also differ across the partisan divide or the authoritarian-libertarian scale. Within political consumerism, immigration will likely be important to right-wing individuals while sustainability and human rights will be more relevant to left-wing individuals. Political consumerism can be complex and choice-limiting, meaning high moral intensity could be required for consistent political consumerism in line with personal beliefs. Individual differences in the relevance of moral foundations, operationalised with the Moral Foundations questionnaire, may also partially explain the frequency of political consumerism (Graham et al., 2011). Furthermore, the connections between religion and political consumerism may mean sustainable political consumption will be encouraged through religion by utilising the concepts of dominion and sanctity. Another moderator I will explore is political trust; low trust may lead to suspicion and pessimism about organisations or authorities which could reduce the efficacy of ethical marketing. However, a trust deficit could also inspire individuals to move their civic engagement from the government to the market. Individual differences in hope and perseverance could therefore moderate political consumption in a low-trust political environment. This investigation will be conducted on participants from nations experiencing corruption and civic disillusionment in the global south. I will initially conduct a minor systematic literature review to ensure I have explored and examined most of the relevant research in this field. I will subsequently explore secondary research to examine large-scale datasets which include information on political consumerism and political attitudes, morality, or religion, such as the World Value Survey (Minkov, 2012). My first stage of primary data collection will involve semi-structured interviews asking individuals about their moral, religious, and political attitudes along with their political consumerism and any disparity between attitudes or behaviours. This will enable me to gather rich qualitative insights exhibiting how individuals feel about political consumerism and to phrase the content of quantitative surveys in an understandable and salient way which maximises construct validity. After analysing data from the interviews, I will begin to create surveys asking participants about their political consumerism, religion, morality, politics, demographics, and any other potentially relevant moderators. I will measure political consumerism with the newly created Political Consumerism Index which separates the concepts of boycotting and buycotting, while also measuring the frequency of behaviour and feelings of consumer responsibility (Kyroglou & Henn, 2022). These surveys will include political consumerism resulting from real-life events such as climate change or the Ukraine-Russia war. I will create surveys using Qualtrics to then be carried out on Prolific. Analysing the data from these surveys in R may indicate some significant correlations between variables and potential moderators between attitudes and political consumerism. To test the potential causational role of these moderating factors, I will then present participants with scenarios involving consumer choices and moderating variables to see the effect of each potential moderator. These studies will initially be carried out on UK and US populations, before extending the research cross-culturally to measure how political consumerism may interact with different cultural, religious, or political landscapes in the global south.