How has the criminal justice system recognised & responded to victims of sexual and gender based violence occurring during the northern Irish conflct

1性暴力是一种“基于性别的暴力形式，包括任何性行为、试图获得性行为、不受欢迎的性评论或性挑逗、或贩卖行为、或以其他方式使用胁迫手段针对一个人的性行为，任何人，无论其与受害者的关系如何，在任何情况下。“2本研究的框架考虑了北方爱尔兰冲突中的性暴力和基于性别的暴力。因此，“与冲突有关的性暴力”一词也必须加以澄清，这是指“强奸、性奴役、强迫卖淫、强迫怀孕、强迫堕胎、强迫绝育、强迫婚姻和对妇女、男子、3这项研究认为，刑事司法系统对北方爱尔兰冲突中的性暴力和基于性别的暴力行为的认识和反应反映了报告指出，在处理这些问题方面存在不足，但它还认为，政治和文化因素方面的冲突扭曲了这类暴力的复杂表现形式，导致“性别盲视”。“围绕这一主题的文献和研究报告是由数量有限的学者提供的。本研究从以往的文献中获得了启发和见解。

Gender-based violence is considered to be any harmful act directed against individuals or groups of individuals on the basis of their gender.1 Sexual violence is a 'form of gender-based violence and encompasses any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed against a person's sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting.'2 The frame of this research considers sexual, and gender based violence in terms of the conflict in Northern Ireland. Due to this, the term 'conflict-related sexual violence' must also be clarified, this refers to the 'rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced sterilization, forced marriage and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity perpetrated against women, men, girls or boys that is directly or indirectly linked to a conflict.3 This research argues that the recognition and response of the criminal justice system to SGBV in the Northern Irish conflict reflects an inadequacy in dealing with these issues, it also argues that the presence of a conflict in regards to political and cultural factors, distorts complex manifestations of this type of violence, resulting in a 'gender blindness.' Literature and research studies surrounding this topic has been provided by a limited number of scholars. This research has taken inspiration and insights from this previous literature.