Hadrons in models and QCD

粒子物理学中强相互作用力的性质引起了人们极大的兴趣。它有一个迷人的个性-在正常情况下，它将夸克限制在一起成为强子，如质子和中子，具有15吨的力量（3头大象的重量），但在大爆炸后发生的高温下，它很微弱，强子很容易分崩离析。这种“限制”机制究竟是如何工作的，以及温度是如何控制它的，是激烈研究的主题，并获得了100万美元的千禧年奖。博士研究关注这个“禁闭”难题的各个方面。一个可能的方向是中心涡的数值研究，这是与禁闭密切相关的强相互作用理论的拓扑特征。另一种可能性是通过强子谱的数值模拟来探索禁闭的温度依赖性，应用以前在非零温度下没有使用过的技术，并且这些技术独特地适合于表征解除禁闭和相关现象，例如共振加宽。

There is a great deal of interest in the nature of the strong interaction force of particle physics. It has a fascinating personality - in normal circumstances it confines quarks together into hadrons such as protons and neutrons with a force of 15 tonnes (the weight of 3 elephants), but at large temperatures such as occurred after the Big Bang, it is feeble and hadrons easily fall apart. Exactly how this "confining" mechanism works, and how temperature controls it, is the subject of intense research, and a $1M Millennium Prize. The PhD research concerns aspects of this "confinement" puzzle. One possible direction is the numerical study of centre vortices, which are topological features of the theory of the strong interaction that are intimately related to confinement. Another possibility is to explore the temperature dependence of confinement through numerical simulations of the hadron spectrum, applying techniques which have not previously been used at non-zero temperature, and which are uniquely suitable for characterising deconfinement and related phenomena, such as resonance broadening.