A New Method for the Real-Time Measurement of Diesel Ae*

矿山安全卫生监督管理局颁布的《煤矿柴油参与物质(DPM)标准》 煤矿和非煤矿。用于执行新标准的基于过滤器的方法提供了以下信息 大量排放，以及碳的类型。这些方法不提供有关替代方案的实时信息 曝光指标，如粒子数量、表面积和体积。对这些标准的依赖可能 低估了引入新技术时暴露在柴油尾气中的健康风险。 我们的研究将评估基于质量的排放和基于时间加权平均过滤器的替代方案 将使原子核模式浓度(直径30 nm)得以估计的标准。 实时气溶胶仪器的响应受到物理和化学性质的强烈影响。 柴油气雾剂的颗粒大小和成分。在一项初步研究中，我们展示了这种仪器 反应被大的、主要是挥发性的核模式的存在所抑制，和/或 存在于固体碳质团块表面的挥发性物质存在于 堆积模式(颗粒30-1000 nm)。去除挥发性物质增强了响应， 改进了仪器之间的相关性，并提供了碳质颗粒物质的估计。 这项研究的长期目标是确保不引入新的健康危害。 地下通过使用新的排放控制技术。我们将评估和推荐一套 低成本的实时气溶胶仪器，可在实验室使用，也可能在地下使用，以 评估暴露/排放并确定柴油气雾剂的物理和化学特性。 目标是：1)在实验室中评估催化排放控制装置的控制效率 通过测量颗粒大小(数量、表面积和体积)、数量浓度、颗粒挥发度、 质量浓度、元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)浓度使用一套实时 仪器，2)推荐实验室使用低成本仪器包的程序 柴油机配备和不配备排放控制装置的评价，3)开发便携式 催化汽提器，与这些仪器一起在地下、非瓦斯矿井中使用，以获得实时数据 矿工接触的DPM的物理和化学特性。

The Mine Safety and Health Administration promulgated standards for Diesel Participate Matter (DPM) for coal and noncoal mines. The filter based methods used to enforce the new standards provide information on mass emissions, and the type of carbon. These methods do not provide real-time information on alternative exposure metrics such as particle number, surface area and volume. Reliance on these standards may underestimate the health risk resulting from exposure to Diesel exhaust when new technology is introduced. Our research will evaluate alternatives to mass based emission and time weighted average filter based standards that will enable the concentration of nuclei mode (< 30 nm in diameter) to be estimated. The response of real-time aerosol instruments is strongly influenced by the physical and chemical nature of Diesel aerosol such as particle size and composition. In a pilot study, we showed that instrument response was suppressed by the presence of a large, predominantly volatile nuclei mode, and/or the presence of volatile material on the surface of the solid carbonaceous agglomerates present in the accumulation mode (particles 30-1,000 nm). Removal of the volatile material enhanced the response, improved correlation between instruments, and provides an estimate of carbonaceous particulate matter. The long-term objective of this research is to ensure that no new health hazards are introduced underground by the use of new emission control technology. We will evaluate and recommend a suite of low-cost, real-time aerosol instruments that can be used in the laboratory, and possibly underground, to evaluate exposure/emissions and determine the physical and chemical characteristics of Diesel aerosol. The goals are:1) evaluate the control efficiency of catalyzed emission control devices in the laboratory by measuring the particle size (number, surface area and volume), number concentration, particle volatility, mass concentration, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentration using a suite of real time instruments, 2) recommend procedures for the use of a low cost instrument package for laboratory evaluation of Diesel engines equipped with and without emission control devices, 3) develop a portable catalytic stripper for use with these instruments in underground, non-gassy mines to obtain real-time data on the physical and chemical characteristics of DPM to which miners are exposed.