Generalized Signaling for Control in Schizophrenia

描述(申请人提供)：精神分裂症患者的认知障碍可以被描述为认知控制障碍，定义为根据一个人的目标或意图指导行为的能力。无论是成功完成任务所需的控制类型，还是最近引发控制的信号机制，都已被深入研究。神经成像研究表明，认知控制的这些组成部分在解剖学上是分离的，前扣带回(ACC)监测冲突，背外侧前额叶皮质在控制中调节战略调整。然而，关于不同形式的冲突和控制之间的确切关系的问题仍然存在。冲突是否意味着特定于上下文的控制，或者它是否会引发更多跨上下文的全局性影响？初步结果表明，冲突确实可以引起超出冲突产生背景的控制效果。在这项提议中，我们试图复制和扩展这些初步的发现，以评估控制效应在多大程度上可以在不同背景下推广，使用EEC和fMRI来测试关于ACC激活的特定预测，并翻译这些范例来进一步阐明精神分裂症的控制障碍，在精神分裂症中，研究表明认知控制障碍与冲突诱导的ACC激活减少有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cognitive impairments in schizophrenia can be characterized as disturbances in cognitive control, defined as the ability to guide one's behavior in accordance with one's goals or intentions. Both the type of control required for successful task performance, and more recently, the signaling mechanisms that elicit control, have been intensely studied. Neuroimaging studies have shown that these components of cognitive control can be anatomically dissociated, with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) monitoring for conflict and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediating strategic adjustments in control. Questions remain, however, regarding the precise relationship between different forms of conflict and control. Does conflict signal for control that is context-specific or does it elicit more global effects that generalize across contexts? Preliminary results show that conflict can, indeed, elicit control effects that extend beyond the context within which the conflict was engendered. In this proposal, we seek to replicate and extend these initial findings to assess to what extent control effects may generalize across contexts, using EEC and fMRI to test specific predictions concerning ACC activation, and translate these paradigms to further elucidate control disturbances in schizophrenia, where studies have shown impairments in cognitive control in association with diminished conflict-induced ACC activation.