Responses to Type B Conjugate Vaccines Amongst HIV-1 Infected Children

肺炎链球菌抗体应答的定量和定性评价 B型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗 使用以下方法可将母婴垂直传播HIV-1感染减少至少三分之二 简单的围产期抗逆转录病毒药物治疗方案。尽管如此，至少有10-12%的新生儿感染了艾滋病毒-1， 受感染的母亲仍然会感染HIV-1。通过抗逆转录病毒治疗管理这些儿童 (ART)在发达国家，预防常见的机会性病原体已取得成功。 在资源有限的国家，只有通过新的 战略布局 卡氏肺孢子虫感染是HIV-1感染儿童发病和死亡的主要原因 和细菌，特别是肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌B型（HiB）。 针对这些病原体的预防措施包括复方曲诺唑和新的结合疫苗。这个项目 将允许评价复方新诺明预防HIV-1感染儿童的有效性 以及它对选择耐药细菌的影响。此外，抗逆转录病毒疗法对 将在250例HIV-1中评价肺炎球菌和Hib结合疫苗的免疫原性。 接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的受感染儿童和125名在接受主要系列治疗时未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的受感染儿童。 疫苗。这些儿童也将与未感染艾滋病毒的婴儿进行比较，出生时血清阴性（n = 125） 和血清阳性（n = 125）的母亲。对这些疫苗的定量和定性抗体应答 将被评估。

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines The vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection from mother to infant can be reduced by at least two-thirds using simple perinatal anti-retroviral (ARV) drug regimens. Nevertheless, at least 10-12% of children born to HIV-1 infected mothers will still be HIV-1 infected. The management of these children through anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and prophylaxis against common opportunistic pathogens has been successful in developed countries. Implementation of such an intervention in resource-constrained countries will only be possible through novel strategies. Maj or causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected children are infection by Pneumocystis carinii and bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Prophylaxis against these pathogens includes co-trirnoxazole and the new conjugate vaccines. This project will allow for an evaluation of the effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-1 infected children and its impact on selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the impact of ART on the immunogenicity of the conjugated pneumococcal and Hib vaccines will be evaluated in 250 HIV-1 infected children receiving ART and 125 who are not receiving ART at the time of their primary series of vaccines. These children will also be compared to HIV uninfected infants, born to seronegative (n = 125) and seropositive (n = 125) mothers. Both quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to these vaccines will be evaluated.