Blood-borne infection screening in Afghan antenatal pop.

描述（由申请人提供）：该奖项将为Catherine Todd博士提供受保护的时间和专业知识，以在资源有限的环境中开展生殖保健期间降低血源性病毒感染（BBV）和性传播感染（STI）风险的国际研究。托德博士是一名妇产科医生，他完成了计划生育奖学金，并担任国际顾问，大部分时间都在阿富汗。她目前是加州大学圣地亚哥分校国际健康与跨文化医学系的助理教授。她的职业和培训目标是：1。了解先进的流行病学研究设计，特别是观察和干预研究；2. 掌握调查开发和心理测量方法技能；3. 增进对国际环境中生殖健康和传染病研究相互关系的了解；4. 学习适合资源贫乏环境的BBV/STI诊断方法；5. 掌握先进的定量数据分析能力；6. 开展一项研究，调查阿富汗产前人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒和乙型肝炎（HBV）筛查的患病率、相关因素和障碍；和7。学习国际卫生规划理论，设计和试点实施产前筛查的干预措施。培训计划包括传染病流行病学、国际产妇保健和心理测量量表方法方面的课程和专家指导。一个关键组成部分是需求评估研究和实施产前检测的试点干预措施。拟议研究的目的是：1)确定阿富汗喀布尔产前人群中HIV、梅毒和HBV的患病率及其相关性；2)评估患者对产科护理中HIV、梅毒和HBV筛查价值的知识和认知；3)评估医务人员的知识和实践及其对HIV、梅毒和HBV预防咨询、筛查和医源性感染预防实践的影响。4)确定阿富汗喀布尔产科病人和提供者在住院时进行产前检查的可行性和可接受性。虽然对阿富汗的乙型肝炎流行情况知之甚少，但多种因素增加了流行病的风险，特别是产前人口；实现测试可能会绕过这一点。这项研究产生的试点数据将用于在更大的阿富汗人口中测试干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This award will provide Dr. Catherine Todd with protected time and expertise to develop international research in risk reduction of blood-borne viral infections (BBV) and sexually-transmitted infections (STI) during reproductive care in limited-resource settings. Dr. Todd is an obstetrician/gynecologist who completed a family planning fellowship and worked as an international consultant, with the majority of time spent in Afghanistan. She is currently Assistant Professor in the Division of International Health & Cross-Cultural Medicine at the University of California, San Diego. Her career and training goals are to: 1. Gain knowledge in advanced epidemiologic study design, particularly observational and intervention research; 2. Acquire survey development and psychometric methodology skills; 3. Improve understanding of the intersection of reproductive health and infectious disease research in international settings; 4. Learn BBV/STI diagnostic methods suited to resource-poor environments; 5. Acquire advanced quantitative data analysis proficiency; 6. Conduct a study investigating prevalence and correlates of and barriers to screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) in an Afghan antenatal population; and 7. Learn international health programming theory to design and pilot an intervention implementing antenatal screening. The training plan includes coursework and mentoring by experts in infectious disease epidemiology, international maternal health, and psychometric scale methods. A key component is a needs assessment study and a pilot intervention to implement antenatal testing. The aims of the proposed research are to: 1) Determine prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and HBV in an antenatal population in Kabul, Afghanistan, 2) Assess patient knowledge and perceptions on screening value for HIV, syphilis, and HBV in obstetric care, 3) Assess knowledge and practice of medical personnel and their influence on HIV, syphilis, and HBV prevention counseling, screening, and iatrogenic infection prevention practice, and 4) Determine feasibility and acceptance of antenatal screening at hospital admission for obstetric patients and providers in Kabul, Afghanistan. Though little is known about BBV prevalence in Afghanistan, multiple factors increase the risk of an epidemic, particularly the antenatal population; implementing testing may circumvent this. Pilot data generated from this study will be used to test the intervention in a larger Afghan population.