MILK OR FRUIT DRINK SUPPLEMENTATION AND ENERGY BALANCE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 全糖饮料，如软饮料，在北美所有年龄段的人中都大量消费。儿童尤其增加了对高糖饮料的消费，从而损害了牛奶的供应。最近的研究提出了儿童肥胖症的增加与纯糖饮料消费之间的联系，但对这一观察结果的机械性解释很少。这项拟议的研究项目的主要目的是确定，在超重儿童中，长期补充每天4份牛奶或1份牛奶和3份水果饮料是否会导致食物的热效应、底物氧化以及饭后或牛奶或水果饮料后食物摄入量的不同。8岁至10岁的儿童将被招募参加一项由基金资助的项目，该项目旨在研究牛奶摄入在减肥中的作用(IRB#X040910003)。儿童将在16周的减肥、饮料补充期结束时接受能量消耗测量。孩子们将被要求在隔夜禁食后的第二天早上来GCRC。休息30分钟后，测量基础代谢率30分钟。然后，根据他们在父母研究中随机接受的治疗，儿童将被提供由牛奶或水果饮料组成的早餐。然后，能量消耗测量将在饮料消费后5.5小时内恢复。每小时，代谢车的通风顶盖(Delta-Trac)将被放置在孩子的头上30分钟。从代谢车中检索到的数据将被用来通过德韦尔公式计算能量消耗。在5.5小时的测量期结束时，孩子们将被给予一顿饭，并被要求摄入他们想要的食物，以感觉舒适的饱腹感。在提供给孩子之前，每种食物都会被称重，任何剩余的食物都会被称重。能量和大量营养素的摄入量将使用NDS食品数据系统计算。这项研究的结果将有助于确定，与纯糖饮料相比，牛奶是否会导致更多的能量消耗和更低的食物摄入量。最后，这些结果将有助于建立儿童肥胖和长期含糖饮料消费之间联系的机制。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Sugar-only beverages, such as soft drinks, are consumed in large amounts in North Americans of all age groups. Children have especially increased their consumption of highly sweetened beverages to the detriment of milk. Recent research has proposed a link between the rise in childhood obesity and sugar-only beverage consumption, yet mechanistic explanation for this observation is sparse. The main objective of this proposed research project is to determine whether, in overweight children, prolonged supplementation with 4 servings of milk/d or 1 serving of milk and 3 servings of fruit drink/d leads to differences in thermic effect of food, substrate oxidation, and food intake after a meal or either milk or fruit drink. Children between the ages of 8 and 10 who are participating in a funded project to examine the role of milk intake in weight loss (IRB# X040910003) will be recruited to participate in this study. Children will undergo the energy expenditure measurements at the end of the 16-wk weight loss, beverage supplementation period. Children will be asked to come to the GCRC the morning after an overnight fast. After resting for a period of 30 min, basal metabolic rate will be measured for 30 min. Children will then be provided with a breakfast meal consisting of either milk or fruit drink, depending on the treatment they were randomized to in the parent study. Energy expenditure measurements will then resume for a period of 5.5 h following beverage consumption. At each hour, the ventilated canopy of the metabolic cart (Delta-Trac) will be placed over the child's head for a period of 30 min. Data retrieved from the metabolic cart will be used to calculate energy expenditure using de Weir's equation. At the end of the 5.5 h measurement period, children will be given a meal and asked to consume as much as they want of the foods provided to feel comfortably full. Each food will be weighed prior to being offered to the child and any leftovers will also be weighed. Energy and macronutrient intakes will be calculated using NDS food data system. Results from this study will help determine whether milk induces greater energy expenditure and lower food intake compared to a sugar-only beverage. Finally, these results will contribute to establishing the mechanism behind the link between childhood obesity and long term sugared drink consumption.