Follow Up of a Randomized Trial for Conduct Disorders (CD)

青少年犯罪和成人犯罪是美国的主要公共卫生问题，几十年来，对这些问题最常见的公共政策反应是惩罚，美国现在拥有世界上最高的监禁率。监禁人数的持续增加可能导致州政府无法充分支持其他公共服务，如高等教育和社会服务。对监禁的一种补充是预防少年犯罪和犯罪的发展。适用于儿童和家庭的普遍预防方案具有特殊的吸引力，特别是当这些方案可以作为公立小学常规活动的一部分提供时。 我们建议评估一项随机、普遍的以学校为基础的预防性干预试验的参与者（N = 578）在青年期（21至26岁）的结果。该试验对比了一个多模式的条件，称为连接家庭和教师的利益（LIFT）与控制条件。LIFT包括心理社会干预措施，旨在改变与未来青少年反社会行为有关的家庭、学校和同龄群体环境中的成人和儿童行为。该试验包括两个样本，一个年轻的样本（n = 268，男孩和女孩），其参与者在一年级时进入试验，和一个较老的样本（n = 312，男孩和女孩），其参与者在五年级时进入试验。到目前为止，年轻和年长的样本干预组的参与者在初中和高中期间表现出反社会行为和相关问题行为的可能性都低于对照组。自试验开始以来，每年对参与者进行评估，数据缺失率很低。将使用各种尖端统计技术分析数据，包括纵向增长建模和事件历史分析。感兴趣的主要问题是LIFT对反社会行为，抑郁症和物质使用的发展轨迹的影响;青少年时期的亲社会调整和功能;家庭和同伴过程对轨迹和功能的中介影响;以及儿童性别和反社会行为基线水平的影响变化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Youth delinquency and adult crime are major public health problems in the U.S. For several decades, the most common public policy response to these problems has been punishment, and the U.S. now has the highest incarceration rates in the world. Continued increases in incarceration may result in state governments being unable to adequately support other public services, such as higher education and social services. A complement to incarceration is the prevention of development of delinquency and crime. Universal prevention programs applied to the population of children and families have particular appeal, especially when they can be delivered as part of the regular activities of the public elementary schools. We propose to assess outcomes during young adulthood (age 21 to 26) for participants (N = 578) from a randomized, universal school-based preventive intervention trial. The trial contrasts a multi modal condition called the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) with a control condition. The LIFT comprises psychosocial interventions that target for change adult and child behaviors in the home, school, and peer group settings that are related to future youth antisocial behavior. The trial includes two samples, a younger sample (n = 268, boys and girls), whose participants entered the trial when in first grade, and an older sample (n = 312, boys and girls), whose participants entered the trial when in fifth grade. To date, participants in both the younger and the older sample intervention groups have been less likely than controls to display antisocial behaviors and related problem, behaviors during middle and high school. Assessments of participants have been conducted on a yearly basis since the beginning of the trial, and rates of missing data are low. Data will be analyzed using a variety of cutting edge statistical techniques, including longitudinal growth modeling and event history analysis. Primary questions of interest are the impact of LIFT on developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior, depression, and substance use into young adulthood; prosocial adjustment and functioning during young adulthood; the mediational impact of family and peer processes on trajectories and functioning; and variation in impact by child sex and baseline levels of antisocial behavior.