Monastic Powers in Medieval Central Italy (c.800-c.1190)

该项目旨在分析政治，文化和意识形态的背景下，意大利中部的法尔法，蒙特卡西诺，S。Alberenzo al Volturno，S. Clemente a Casauria，S.卡皮涅托的巴托洛梅奥和苏比亚科在9世纪至12世纪之间发展了他们的权力。这些修道院是当时活跃在意大利中部最有影响力的机构之一。因此，深入分析他们的权力发展和最终衰落的方式，可以揭示该地区社会、经济、政治、文化和宗教动态的一些基本方面。在9世纪和11世纪中期，这些修道院都位于Regnum Italiae南部边界附近，通常受益于他们的边缘位置。因此，在德意志皇帝、伦巴第王子、教皇和地方贵族之间的权力竞争框架内，他们享受了一个真正的黄金时代，有时牺牲了地方主教的利益。苏比亚科与西方修道制度的起源有着密切的联系，他与教皇的关系总是特别密切。Farfa和S.克莱门特在卡索里亚欠他们的繁荣大部分的事实，他们是帝国的意识形态前哨。S.相反，卡皮内托的巴托洛梅奥是一位世纪中期地方伯爵努力的结果，他已经认为自己的权威在很大程度上是与中央政府对立的。蒙特卡西诺和S. Volturno修道院的情况则更为多变，这很可能是他们能够与不同的冲突力量保持开放关系的标志。11世纪末，这些修道院都受到了诺曼征服意大利南部以及随之而来的边界北移的影响，有些变得更好，有些变得更糟。此外，他们也都被教皇改革政策的新发展所感动，这一政策旨在大幅削减修道院机构的特权。Cubenzo al Volturno，Subiaco，S. Clemente a Casauria，S. Bartolomeo在Carpineto，编年史被写和文件保存。修道院编年史和手稿的这种集中代表了中世纪意大利的一种独特性，并且发生在至少两个世纪的时期之后，在这两个世纪中，这些社区的记忆似乎主要以非书面形式流传，尽管并非完全如此。这本书代表了第一次尝试研究这些修道院都在很长一段时间。

The project seeks to analyse the political, cultural and ideological context in which the central-Italian monasteries of Farfa, Montecassino, S. Vincenzo al Volturno, S. Clemente a Casauria, S. Bartolomeo in Carpineto, and Subiaco developed their power between the 9th and the 12th centuries.These monasteries were among the most influential institutions active in central Italy in the period. An in-depth analysis of the ways in which their power developed, and ultimately declined, can therefore shed light to some fundamental aspects of the social, economic, political, cultural and religious dynamics of the area. Between the 9th and mid-11th centuries these monasteries, all located in the vicinities of the southern borders of the Regnum Italiae, often benefited from their liminal position. They therefore enjoyed a true golden age, at times at the expense of local bishops, in the framework of the competition for power among German emperors, Lombard princes, popes, local aristocrats. Strictly connected to very origins of Western monasticism, Subiaco was always particularly close to the papacy. On the other hand, Farfa and S. Clemente at Casauria owed most of their prosperity to the fact that they were ideological outposts of the Empire. The power of S. Bartolomeo in Carpineto was, on the contrary, the result of the efforts of a mid-10th century local count who was already conceiving his authority as largely antagonistic to central authorities. The political and cultural stance of Montecassino and S. Vincenzo al Volturno was more fluctuating and, most probably, a sign of their capability to maintain open relationships with different, conflicting forces.Around the end of the 11th century these monasteries were all affected, some for the better some for the worse, by the Norman conquest of Southern Italy and by the consequent shift of the border to the north. Moreover, they were also all touched by a new development in the papal reform policy, one that aimed to reduce dramatically the privileges of monastic institutions.It was in this context of territorial, institutional, and cultural transformation that, at Farfa, Montecassino, S. Vincenzo al Volturno, Subiaco, S. Clemente a Casauria, S. Bartolomeo in Carpineto, chronicles were written and documents preserved. This concentration of monastic chronicles and cartularies represents a unicum in medieval Italy, and occurred after a period of at least two centuries in which those communities' memory seems to have been circulated mainly, although not exclusively, in non written form. This book represents the first attempt to study these monasteries all together over a long period of time.