The establishment and application of a forward genetic resource for the development of efficient breeding strategies in grass and the cereals

所描述的工作将为合并草、小麦、大麦、水稻和其他单子植物的目标性状的遗传控制数据提供通用资源，即从一个物种获得的信息将直接转移到其他物种。这些信息将被草、小麦和大麦育种者等用于开发优良的植物品种。这项工作针对的是所有的特征，而不仅仅是一种特征。然而，最初的工作将集中在《作物科学评论》和Defra概述的关键可持续性和气候变化育种优先事项以及生产性状方面的物种间遗传信息的合并和转移上。这些特征包括氮利用效率（导致低肥料投入），对非生物胁迫的耐受性和根结构（导致防止水分流失，从而防止对河道的污染和对干旱的耐受性），这些基因已经在Lolium/Festuca染色体上被鉴定出来。这项工作将明确利用已经基本测序的水稻基因组，以及单子叶物种的基因顺序在很大程度上在进化过程中得到维持的事实。还将进行研究，以提高草、小麦、大麦和其他单株植物育种策略的效率。此外，所进行的工作将有助于确定控制目标性状的基因。这些知识将通过常规手段在育种计划中加以利用。

The work described will provide a generic resource for the amalgamation of data on the genetic control of target traits in grass, wheat, barley, rice and other monocots, i.e. information obtained from one species will be directly transferable to the other species. This information will be used by grass, wheat and barley breeders etc. for the development of superior plant varieties. The work is aimed at all traits and not merely a single trait. However, initial work will concentrate on the amalgamation and transfer of genetic information between species on key sustainability and climate change breeding priorities outlined by the Crop Science Review and Defra as well as production traits. These include the traits of nitrogen use efficiency (leading to low fertiliser input), tolerance to abiotic stress and root architecture (leading to prevention of water run off and thus prevention of pollution to water courses and tolerance to drought) for which genes have been identified on Lolium/Festuca chromosomes. The work will make explicit use of the rice genome which has been substantially sequenced and the fact that gene order in the monocot species has to a large extent been maintained during evolution. Research will also be undertaken to improve the efficiency of breeding strategies in grass, wheat, barley and other monocots. In addition the work undertaken will facilitate the identification of genes controlling target traits. This knowledge will be employed and exploited in breeding programmes via conventional means.