Overt and Covert Selection During Reading

描述（由申请人提供）：在阅读期间的文本编码与语音编码的根本不同之处在于，阅读需要从空间有序的视觉符号集合中主动选择待识别的单词以进行处理。两种形式的视觉选择是区分在文献中。外显选择是通过将眼睛引导到文本中的一个选定单词并将其固定一段短暂的时间来完成的，内隐选择是在固定期间控制单词的处理。阅读过程中的眼动控制模型试图解释这两种选择是如何完成和协调的。为了推进该领域的理论发展，Inhoff博士研究了选择固定和选择处理的单词，这些单词在空间上与固定单词相邻，并且以前读过不相邻的单词。最近开发的两种模型的oculabetics控制，这是预测上有很大的不同的选择假设，用于制定歧视性的预测，选择空间相邻（parafterially可见）的话，其中一个模型还提供了工作假设为选择以前读过的话。扩展一个既定的眼动视情况显示变化范例被用来操纵的时间和空间的可用性的语言信息的右边和左边的一个选定的目标词时，其固定和控制分配的注意力在固定。一种新的范式，涉及眼动应急介绍的口语单词，是用来引起长距离的眼球运动，以前读的话。随后的眼球运动的时间和空间模式，这些操作的影响，然后用来描绘的性质和协调的两种类型的选择。拟议工作的结果应继续推进熟练阅读期间眼动控制的现有理论概念，并且它可能会促进我们对一些与不良的显性和隐性选择相关的阅读障碍的理解。它还应该有超出阅读领域的影响，因为内隐和外显选择的协调可能是有效视觉选择的一部分。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Encoding of text during reading differs fundamentally from the encoding of speech in that reading requires the active selection for processing of to-be-recognized words from a spatially ordered set of visual symbols. Two forms of visual selection are distinguished in the literature. Overt selection, which is accomplished by directing the eyes to a selected word of text and by fixating it for a brief interval, and covert selection, which controls the processing of words during a fixation. Models of eye movement control during reading seek to explain how these two types of selection are accomplished and coordinated. To advance theoretical developments in the field, Dr. Inhoff examines the selection-for-fixation and the selection-for-processing of words that are spatially adjacent to a fixated word and of previously read nonadjacent words. Two recently developed models of oculomotor control, that are predicated on substantially different selection assumptions, are used to formulate discriminating predictions for the selection of spatially adjacent (parafoveally visible) words; one of the models also provides working hypotheses for the selection of previously read words. Extensions of an established eye-movement-contingent display change paradigm are used to manipulate the temporal and spatial availability of linguistic information to the right and left of a selected target word upon its fixation and to control the allocation of attention during a fixation. A novel paradigm, involving the eyemovement-contingent presentation of spoken words, is used to elicit long-range eye movements to previously read words. Effects of these manipulations on the temporal and spatial pattern of ensuing eye movements are then used to delineate the nature and coordination of the two types of selection. Results of the proposed work should continue to advance extant theoretical conceptions of eye movement control during skilled reading, and it may advance our understanding of some reading disabilities that are related to poor overt and covert selection. It should also have ramifications beyond the domain of reading, as coordination of covert and overt selection may be part and parcel of effective visual selection in general.