Implementation of a quantum information processor with limited resources

科学各个分支的最新进展导致了一种情况，即在原子水平上操纵性质--即量子工程/已经成为可能。这一成就产生了纳米技术和量子信息处理(QIP)科学等发展，人们普遍认为，这些将构成21世纪新技术的基础。QIP的目标是利用量子力学来改善信息的获取、传输和处理。近年来，在量子密码学、量子通信、量子计算和精密测量等应用的推动下，该领域出现了爆炸性的增长，所有这些领域都有超过经典同行的潜力。这项新技术还将提供对许多其他科学领域的深刻见解，包括对光学、电子和固态设备的理解，进而提高它们在纳米级的性能。这无疑会带来许多新的应用。我们的目标是开展一项研究，以找到一种最佳策略，利用目前所有可用的技术来实现QIP设备。信息技术在许多方面改善了生活质量，在微芯片上设计的极小电路随处可见。所有这些电路都是基于这样一个事实，即计算任务被数字化为0和1，然后根据特定的预先设计的算法通过一系列门操作来处理。然而，到目前为止，对QIP的研究要比这重要得多。例如，理论物理学家已经成功地回答了这些问题：是否存在普遍的量子门操作？一个系统是如何被量子力学操控的？如何让一个系统以量子力学的方式与另一个系统对话？如何纠正量子处理器中的错误？然而，实现可用的量子信息处理器仍然遥遥无期。这是一项寻找新方法以高效地实现量子信息处理器的提议。我们的任务清单如下：1)确定实现量子设备的真正障碍是什么。2)研究如何保护量子信息设备不受有害噪声的影响。3)找到如何最大限度地减少控制和操纵，以便在系统中高效地实现门操作。因此，这将提高我们在量子系统质量损失造成的时间限制内执行更大任务的能力。由于量子设备如此之小，通常很难随意地对每个设备进行寻址，因此我们将致力于在不必处理单个设备的情况下控制系统的可能性。4)从长远来看，我们将研究一种被称为单向量子计算的量子IP与不同量子力学公式之间的联系。单向计算可能为我们提供了一种将量子动力学视为仅由测量产生的方法。这可能会为我们提供另一种解决测量悖论的方法。

Recent advances in various branches of science have led to a situation where the manipulation of properties at the atomic level - that is, quantum engineering /has become feasible. This achievement has produced such developments as nanotechnology and quantum information processing (QIP) science, and it is widely recognised that these will form the basis of new technologies in the 21st century. QIP aims to exploit quantum mechanics to improve the acquisition, transmission and processing of information. This field has seen explosive growth in recent years, stimulated by the applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum computation and precision measurement, all of which have the potential to surpass their classical counterparts. This new technology will also provide deep insight into many other areas of science, including the understanding of optical, electronic and solid-state devices, and in turn enhancing their performance at the nanometer scale. This will undoubtedly lead to many new applications. Our objective is to undertake a research to find an optimum strategy to implement QIP devices with all currently available techniques possible. Information technology has improved the quality of life in many ways and extremely small circuits designed on microchips can be found everywhere. All these circuits are based on the fact that a computational task is digitised into 0 and 1, then processed by a series of gate operations according to a specific pre-designed algorithm. However, research in QIP has so far been much more fundamental than this. For example, theoretical physicists have successfully answered the questions: Is there a universal quantum gate operation? How can a system be quantum-mechanically manipulated? How can a system be made talk to another system in a quantum mechanical way? How is an error corrected in a quantum processor? However, the realisation of a usable quantum information processor is still far away. This is a proposal to look for new ways in order to realise a quantum information processor efficiently and effectively. The list of our tasks is as follows:1) To identify what the obstacles to implement a quantum device really are.2) To study how to protect a quantum information device from unwanted noise.3) To find how to minimise control and manipulation so that gate operations can be achieved in a system efficiently. This will thereby increase our ability to perform larger tasks within the time limit imposed by the loss of quality of the quantum system. As quantum devices are so small, it is normally extremely difficult to address each device at will, so we will work on the possibility of controlling the system without having to address single devices.4) In the long run, we will investigate the connections between a type of QIP known as one-way quantum computation and different formulations of quantum mechanics. One-way computation may offer us a way of viewing quantum dynamics as only generated by measurements. This could potentially present us with another way of resolving the measurement paradox.