Otoacoustic Emission Based Biometric Systems

据报道，身份欺诈每年给英国造成17.2亿英镑的损失。安全行业面临着两种相互对立的压力：消费者需要更多的即时访问他们的资源，同时仍然不愿意与侵入性和/或耗时的身份验证合作。因此，挑战在于创建一个高度可靠、具有母亲侵入性、快速、社会可接受且部署成本低廉的个人身份验证模式。在本提案中，生物测定是指对个人的生理或行为特征进行定量测量，以确认（或不确认）或确定其身份。耳声发射（OAE）是哺乳动物耳朵对声音刺激的反应，越来越多的证据表明这些反应可以用来区分个体。耳声发射的来源在于人体放大低电平声音的过程。由该过程产生的发射可以在耳朵的入口处被检测到，并且通常通过由合适的输入声音刺激听觉过程来诱发。OAE不仅被证明是个体所特有的，其特征还以个体之间也不同的方式取决于输入声音。这一事实提供了一些独特的机会时，将其应用于生物识别系统。基于耳声的生物识别系统享有许多显着的优势，比其他身份验证模式：-它可以体现为一个电话听筒或耳机-每个人都熟悉这些。它可以用于挑战-响应对话：OAE的刺激依赖性提供了潜在的挑战-响应方法隐藏的主题，大大提高了生物识别的性能，特别是关于规避。总之，这个建议的目的是建立OAE作为一个强大的生物特征。将开发一种用户可接受的耳上探头，有效地激发和捕获排放。将优化用于识别/验证个人的生物特征分析，并使用标准指标测量系统性能。将研究诸如发射的潜在长期漂移、听力损伤和外部噪声的影响等实用性，以评估在真实的应用中使用OAE的潜力。最后，将应用挑战响应对话，并评估其对系统生物识别性能的影响。

Identity-derived fraud is reported to cost the UK 1.72 billion per year. The security industry is caught between two mutually opposing pressures: consumers demand ever more and instant access to their resources, whilst at the same time remaining unwilling to cooperate with invasive and/or time-consuming identity verification. The challenge, then, is to create a personal identity verification schema that is highly reliable, mom-invasive, fast, socially acceptable and cheap to deploy. Biometrics, in the context of this proposal, refers to the quantitative measurement of the physiological or behavioural attributes of an individual with a view to confirming (or not) or establishing their identity. Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are noises emitted by the mammalian ear in response to an audio stimulation, and a growing body of evidence suggests that these responses can be used to distinguish individuals. The source of OAE lies with the human body's process for amplifying low level sounds. The emissions produced by this process can be detected at the entrance to the ear and are typically evoked by stimulating the hearing process by a suitable input sound. Not only have OAE been shown to be unique to individuals, their characteristics depend upon the input sound in a manner that also varies between individuals. This fact offers some unique opportunities when applying this as a biometric system.An otoacoustic-based biometric system enjoys a number of significant advantages over other identity verification schemas:- It can be embodied is a telephone handset or headphones - everybody is familiar with these.- It can be employed in a challenge-response dialogue: The stimulus dependant nature of the OAE offers the potential for a challenge-response approach hidden from the subject greatly increasing the performance of the biometric, especially with respect to circumvention.In summary, this proposal is aimed at establishing OAE as a robust biometric characteristic. An on-the-ear probe acceptable to the users will be developed that efficiently excites and captures the emissions. The biometric analysis used to identify/verify individuals will be optimised and the system performance measured using standard metrics. Practicalities such as potential long term drift of the emissions, the influence of hearing impairments and external noise will be investigated to evaluate the potential for using OAE in real applications. Finally, the challenge response dialogue will be applied and its effect on the biometric performance of the system evaluated.