Drug Choice, Impulsivity, and Risky Sexual Behavior

危险性行为(RSB)是全球艾滋病毒的主要原因。有证据表明，吸毒是 与参与RSB有关，这种关系因所选药物而异。事实上，有几个 研究人员已经证明，在吸食可卡因/可卡因的海洛因吸毒者中，RSB的发生率明显更高 与吸食可卡因/可卡因的海洛因吸毒者相比。这些研究被解读为表明 可卡因/可卡因的使用是RSB的风险因素。然而，一个限制是海洛因吸毒者也使用 可卡因/可卡因使用两种药物，而不使用可卡因/可卡因的海洛因使用者只使用一种药物。 因此，在这些研究中，更多的可卡因/可卡因的使用也可以被概念化为相加效应 一般情况下是另一种药物，而不一定是可卡因/可卡因的具体效果。事实上，这是对 药物选择的作用需要独立的群体(例如，依赖可卡因/可卡因而不是海洛因的个人 依赖海洛因而不依赖可卡因/可卡因的人与依赖可卡因/可卡因的人 和海洛因)，以更清楚地隔离由此产生的分歧。作为这一研究路线的第二个限制，很少有 研究提供了一个明确发展的理论框架来解释为什么RSB水平的增加 与可卡因/可卡因的使用有关。当前应用程序将比较以下三个版本的RSB级别 开始住宅吸毒治疗的个人群体：a)100名依赖可卡因/可卡因的人 每月使用海洛因不超过一次(包括治疗前6个月)；和 依赖海洛因并每月吸食一次以上可卡因/可卡因的人(涵盖6个时期 治疗前几个月)；和c)100名同时依赖可卡因/可卡因和海洛因的人(涵盖 治疗前6个月)。此外，目前的研究将包括对缓和 以及理论驱动的变量组合的中介效应，这些变量取自社会行动理论和 跨该结构的几个领域的冲动性(例如，延迟折扣、行为抑制、冲动性 冒险)开始开发一个更大的框架来理解药物选择和RSB。结果将会揭晓 未来的纵向研究阶段将进一步评估因果关系问题，并将开始提供有用的 通过更好地了解RSB的风险因素来预防艾滋病毒感染的信息。

Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is the leading cause of HIV worldwide. Evidence suggests that drug use is related to engagement in RSB, with this relationship differing across drug of choice. Indeed, several researchers have documented that RSB is significantlymore frequent in heroin users who use crack/cocaine compared to heroin users who do use crack/cocaine. These studies have been interpreted to suggest that crack/cocaine use is a risk-factor for RSB. One limitation, however, is that heroin users also using crack/cocaine are using two drugs whereas heroin users not using crack/cocaine are using only one drug. Thus, greater levels of crack/cocaine use in these studies also could be conceptualized as the additive effects of another drug in general, and not necessarily the specific effects of crack/cocaine. Indeed, a true test of the role of drug choice requires independent groups (e.g., individuals dependent on crack/cocaine and not heroin vs. individuals dependent on heroin and not crack/cocaine vs. individuals dependent on both crack/cocaine and heroin) to more clearly isolate resulting differences. As a second limitation of this line of research, few studies have provided a clearly developed theoretical framework to explain why increased levels of RSB are related to crack/cocaine use. The current application will compare level of RSB across the following three groups of individuals beginning residential drug use treatment: a) 100 individuals dependent on crack/cocaine and using heroin no more than once monthly (covering a period 6 months prior to treatment); and b) 100 individuals dependent on heroin and using crack/cocaineno more than once monthly (covering a period 6 months prior to treatment); and c) 100 individuals dependent on both crack/cocaine and heroin (covering a period 6 months prior to treatment). Further, the current study will include an examination of the moderating and mediating effects of theory-driven combinations of variables taken from Social Action Theory and impulsivity across several domains of this construct (e.g., delay discounting, behavioral inhibition, impulsive risk taking) to begin to develop a larger framework to understand drug choice and RSB. The results will set the stage for future longitudinal research further assessing issues of causality and will begin to provide useful information regarding the prevention of HIV infection through better understanding risk factors for RSB.