New Antiviral Therapies for Hepatitis C Infection

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的计划旨在发现靶向丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）基因组功能性RNA组分的抗病毒化合物。本项目的具体目标是：1）确定HCV基因组中的功能性RNA元件的亚结构域，这些亚结构域适合于生物化学和生物物理学表征; 2）通过RNA基序分析评估亚结构域包含配体结合位点的可能性; 3）通过评估潜在的配体结合位点和已发表的生物学数据，优先考虑RNA亚结构域，以供进一步研究; 4）开发用于生物化学和生物物理表征以及RNA亚结构域结晶的寡核苷酸模型系统; 5）开发HCV亚结构域的RNA亲和力测定; 6）通过X射线晶体学确定RNA亚结构域的三维结构; 7）基于两种化学类别的RNA-“友好”化合物设计和合成新型RNA-偏向配体; 8）通过使用亲和测定来鉴定与所选HCV RNA亚结构域结合的配体; 9）测试阳性结合物的靶特异性; 10）通过开发和应用HCV IRES驱动的体外翻译测定来测试配体对病毒翻译的干扰; 11）测试翻译抑制剂在哺乳动物细胞中的渗透性; 12）测试翻译抑制剂在哺乳动物细胞中对病毒复制的抑制; 13）通过晶体学确定RNA-配体复合物的三维结构; 14）通过使用结构信息设计具有潜在改进的结合亲和力的修饰配体。由于缺乏疫苗和直接抗病毒药物来治疗或预防HCV的传播，迫切需要开发新的治疗方法。病毒RNA是识别HCV基因组的结构化功能域并干扰蛋白质合成的小分子的有吸引力的靶标。合理的结构导向设计沿着RNA-“友好”化合物的合成化学将促进RNA-结合分子的产生，所述RNA-结合分子显示针对HCV蛋白合成的特异性靶识别和生物活性。这项研究的目的是发现新的分子类别，这将显着推进有效的抗病毒药物的开发，以对抗HCV感染。这些进展对于人类未来战胜病毒性疾病的能力至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed program intends to discover antiviral compounds that target functional RNA components of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. The specific aims of this project are to: 1) define subdomains of functional RNA elements in the HCV genome that are amenable to biochemical and biophysical characterization; 2) assess subdomains by RNA-motif analysis for the potential to contain ligand-binding sites; 3) prioritize RNA subdomains for further investigation by assessment of potential ligand binding sites and published biological data; 4) develop oligonucleotide model systems for biochemical and biophysical characterization as well as crystallization of RNA subdomains; 5) develop RNA affinity assays for the HCV subdomains; 6) determine the three-dimensional structure of RNA subdomains by X-ray crystallography; 7) design and synthesize novel RNA-biased ligands based on two chemical classes of RNA-"friendly" compounds; 8) identify ligands that bind to selected HCV RNA subdomains by using affinity assays; 9) test the positive binders for their target specificity; 10) test ligands for their interference with viral translation by developing and applying an HCV IRES-driven in vitro translation assay; 11) test translation inhibitors for permeability in mammalian cells; 12) test translation inhibitors for inhibition of viral replication in mammalian cells; 13) determine the three-dimensional structure of RNA-ligand complexes by crystallography; 14) design modified ligands with potentially improved binding affinity by using structural information. The lack of a vaccine and direct antiviral drugs to treat or prevent the spread of HCV creates an urgent need for the development of new therapeutics. The viral RNA is an attractive target for small molecules that recognize structured functional domains of the HCV genome and interfere with protein synthesis. Rational structure-guided design along with synthetic chemistry of RNA-"friendly" compounds will facilitate the generation of RNA-binding molecules that display specific target recognition and biological activity against HCV protein synthesis. This research is aimed at the discovery of new classes of molecules that will significantly advance the development of potent antiviral drugs for combating HCV infection. Such advances are critical for the future ability of humanity to defeat viral diseases.