Work characteristics, alcohol use disorders, and occupational injury

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在纵向研究工作的结构和社会心理特征及其与其他社会经济因素的相互作用在重度饮酒和酒精使用障碍的发展中所起的作用。此外，将审查酒精使用特征对职业事故和伤害的贡献，以及除了其他社会经济因素外，这些模式是否可能受到职业结构特征的改变。本研究将整合《1979年全国青年纵向调查》中关于工作、教育、社会经济变量和职业伤害的广泛数据，以及来自O*NET的职业测量，这些测量描述了工作的实质性复杂性，工作是否与人或物相关，以及职业身体需求。主要目的是：1)评估职业特征（工作的实质性复杂性、与人打交道与与物打交道以及体力需求）对酗酒和酒精使用障碍风险的影响；评估工作特点对随后的酒精使用结果的直接影响；教育相关梯度在饮酒障碍中的中介作用以及重度饮酒和酒精使用障碍对受试者职业轨迹的相互影响；2)检查酒精消费和酒精使用障碍的发病率和流行率的种族和民族差异，并评估职业特征的贡献，特别注意黑人和西班牙裔个体的教育程度差异和工作的实质性复杂性；3)通过对酒精摄入量和AUDs的纵向测量，评估与酒精使用过程和时间模式相关的职业伤害的长期风险，并评估发生率、损失时间和相关成本。将潜在成长轨迹和结构方程模型应用于评估工作特征和职业轨迹及其与酒精使用的关系，不仅可以更好地对其相互关系进行纵向和终身评估，而且还可以建立互惠或反向关系的模型。这种方法在关注工作生活的持续或纵向属性以及从教育到工作的途径方面具有重要意义，这些途径有助于或导致大量饮酒或问题饮酒或酒精依赖的模式，职业轨迹以及工作中事故和伤害的风险。它可能有助于建立一个生命历程模型，将职业轨迹作为评估健康结果的一个组成因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal intends to examine the role that structural and psychosocial characteristics of work, and their interaction with other socioeconomic factors, play in the development of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders, examined longitudinally. In addition, the contribution of alcohol-use characteristics to occupational accidents and injuries will be examined, and whether these patterns might be modified by structural characteristics of occupation in addition to other socioeconomic factors. This study will integrate the extensive data on work, education, socioeconomic variables, and occupational injury available in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 with occupational measures from the O*NET that describe the substantive complexity of work, whether work engages with people or things, and occupational physical demands. The principal aims are to: 1) evaluate the effects of occupational characteristics (substantive complexity of work, work with people versus things, and physical demands) on the risk of heavy drinking and alcohol-use disorders; assessing direct effects of work characteristics on subsequent alcohol-use outcomes; mediation of education-related gradients in drinking disorders; and reciprocal effects of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders on the occupational trajectories of subjects; 2) examine racial and ethnic differences in incidence and prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol-use disorders, and assess the contribution of occupational characteristics, with particular attention to differentials between educational attainment and the substantive complexity of work in Black and Hispanic individuals; and 3) Evaluate the long-term risk of occupational injuries in association with the course and temporal patterns of alcohol use, using longitudinal measures of alcohol intake and AUDs and assessing incidence, lost time, and associated costs. The application of latent growth trajectory and structural equation modeling to the evaluation of work characteristics and career trajectories, and their relation to alcohol use will not only provide better longitudinal and life-course assessment of their interrelationship, but also allows for the modeling of reciprocal or reversed relationships. This approach can have major significance in focusing attention toward ongoing or longitudinal attributes of working life and the pathways from education to work that contribute to, or result in, patterns of heavy or problem drinking or alcohol dependence, career trajectories, and the risk of accident and injury at work. It may contribute to the development of a life-course model that incorporates occupational trajectories as a component factor in the assessment of health outcomes.