Effect of Tobacco Advocacy at the State Level

描述(申请人提供)：35%的癌症死亡是由吸烟造成的，包括肺癌、口腔癌、喉癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、子宫癌、子宫颈癌和肝癌，以及心脏病和其他疾病。烟草行业制定和实施具体的战略，以促进吸烟的采用、继续和公众容忍，并对抗公共卫生专业人员减少烟草使用的努力。这样，它就成了烟草引起的疾病传播的“媒介”。与任何疾病一样，了解病媒对于制定和实施有效的预防和控制战略非常重要。了解烟草行业的战略和战术将增加成功制定和实施有效的烟草使用预防和控制政策的可能性，从而减少烟草引起的疾病和死亡。公共政策，包括无烟环境、积极的媒体宣传和增税，是预防和减少烟草使用的具有成本效益的干预措施。近年来，烟草控制政策制定和计划执行的环境发生了重大变化：在20世纪90年代，针对烟草行业的国家倡议和重大诉讼的解决产生了大量用于烟草控制计划的资源，这与吸烟和吸烟引起的疾病的显著下降有关。尽管取得了这些成就，但在过去的几年里，公众对烟草控制的关注和资金有所减少。该项目旨在继续我们的研究战略，将案例研究和定量方法相结合，以在这个快速变化的环境中解决四个具体目标：(1)记录和分析在制定和实施烟草控制计划方面取得不同程度成功的不同州在烟草控制政策制定和计划执行方面的差异，作为建议的基础，以创建最有效和最高效的烟草控制战略和政策；(2)识别和描述利用第三方盟友反对或削弱烟草控制政策的新的和不断演变的烟草行业战略；(3)继续对不同法律和金融背景下控烟战略的有效性进行比较分析，以确定最具成本效益的战略；以及(4)调查无烟政策对酒吧和赌场业务的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco use is responsible for 35 percent of cancer deaths, including cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, bladder, stomach, pancreas, kidney, uterus, cervix, and liver, as well as heart and other diseases. The tobacco industry develops and implements specific strategies to promote adoption, continuation, and public tolerance of smoking and to counter efforts by public health professionals to reduce tobacco use. In this way, it serves as a "vector" for the spread of tobacco-induced disease. As with any disease, it is important to understand the vector to develop and implement effective prevention and control strategies. Understanding the tobacco industry's strategies and tactics will increase the likelihood of successful development and implementation of effective tobacco use prevention and control policies and, hence, reduce tobacco-induced disease and death. Public policies, including smoke free environments, aggressive media campaigns, and tax increases, are cost-effective interventions to prevent and reduce tobacco use. There have been major changes in the environment for tobacco control policy making and program implementation in recent years: during the 1990s, state initiatives and settlements of major litigation against the tobacco industry yielded substantial resources for tobacco control programs, which was associated with significant drops in smoking and smoking-induced disease. Despite these successes, during the past few years there has been a reduction in public attention and funding for tobacco control. This project seeks to continue our research strategy of combining case studies and quantitative methods to address four specific aims in this rapidly changing environment: (1) Document and analyze variations in tobacco control policy making and program implementation across a variety of states with varying levels of success at developing and implementing tobacco control programs, to serve as the basis for recommendations to create the most effective and efficient tobacco control strategies and policies; (2) Identify and describe new and evolving tobacco industry strategies for using third party allies to oppose or weaken tobacco control policies; (3) Continue our comparative analysis of the effectiveness of tobacco control strategies in different legal and financial contexts, to identify the most cost-effective strategies; and (4) Investigate the effects of smoke free policies on bar and casino businesses.