Non-retinotopic Mechanisms of Dynamic Form Perception in Human Vision

描述(申请人提供)：对形状的感知是视觉系统最基本的功能之一。由于运动和动态遮挡在我们的环境中普遍存在，理解人类视觉系统如何在遮挡存在的情况下计算运动对象的形状是视觉科学中的一个基本问题。对视觉动态方面的分析表明，计算运动物体的形状需要非视网膜计算原理和机制。我们将那些在没有视网膜检查图像的情况下能够产生形式知觉的机制指定为“非视网膜检查”。事实上，知觉数据表明，视网膜图像既不是形状感知的必要条件，也不是充分条件。这项研究的长期目标是阐明视觉形式知觉在其自然动态条件下的机制。特别是，我们想要描述非视网膜定位的计算原理和机制，这些原理和机制允许视觉系统计算移动对象的形状。我们假设，掩蔽、知觉分组和运动估计机制之间的协同作用可以提供一个统一的视觉处理框架，可以应用于自然动态观看条件。我们将解决以下两个具体目标。具体目标1：利用正视知觉阐明动态形状知觉的非视网膜视觉机制。正视知觉清楚地证明了非视网膜病变机制的存在。在没有闭塞的情况下，这样的机制是否也有助于动态感知？通过使用一种名为Ternus-Pikler Display的刺激范式，我们最近发现了一种新的错觉，它显示了在没有遮挡的情况下对移动对象的非视网膜视觉特征感知。我们将使用这一范式将非视网膜视觉机制概括为动态视觉：具体目标2：通过使用Ternus-Pikler显示的变体，阐明非视网膜视觉机制在无遮挡情况下动态形状知觉中的作用。与公共健康相关：拟议的研究有望提高我们对人类视觉系统如何工作的理解。这种理解有助于诊断和治疗视觉系统的疾病，特别是神经系统的疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The perception of form is one of the most basic functions of the visual system. Because motion and dynamic occlusions are ubiquitous in our environment, understanding how the human visual system computes the form of moving objects in the presence of occlusions is a fundamental problem in vision science. An analysis of dynamic aspects of vision shows that non-retinotopic computational principles and mechanisms are needed to compute the form of moving objects. We designate as "non-retinotopic" those mechanisms that can generate perception of form in the absence of a retinotopic image. Indeed, perceptual data demonstrate that a retinotopic image is neither necessary nor sufficient for the perception of form. The broad long-term objective of this research is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying visual form perception under its natural dynamic conditions. In particular, we want to characterize non-retinotopic computational principles and mechanisms that allow the visual system to compute the form of moving objects. We hypothesize that a synergy between masking, perceptual grouping, and motion estimation mechanisms can provide a unified visual processing framework that can be applied to natural dynamic viewing conditions. We will address the following two specific aims. Specific Aim 1: Elucidate non-retinotopic mechanisms of dynamic form perception by using anorthoscopic perception. Anorthoscopic perception provides a clear demonstration of the existence of non- retinotopic mechanisms. Do such mechanisms also contribute to dynamic perception in the absence of occlusions? By using a stimulus paradigm, known as the Ternus-Pikler display, we have recently discovered a new illusion that shows non-retinotopic feature perception for moving objects in the absence of occlusions. We will use this paradigm to generalize non-retinotopic mechanisms to dynamic vision: Specific Aim 2: Elucidate the role of non-retinotopic mechanisms in dynamic form perception in the absence of occlusions by using variants of Ternus-Pikler displays. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed studies are expected to improve our understanding of how the human visual system works. This understanding can be instrumental in diagnosing, treating disorders of the visual system in particular, and the nervous system in general.